当代语言学的波形发展主题一:语言、符号与社会  

Exploring the development of contemporary linguistics Part 1:Language,semiotic,and society

作　　者：顾曰国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《当代语言学》2010年第3期193-219,共27页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：本文以索绪尔的普通语言学理论为参照点,围绕语言、符号与社会的关系,对近一个世纪的当代语言学的发展进行了梳理。主要包括以下继承和发展索绪尔的哥本哈根学派;受索绪尔影响但相对独立的美国描写主义语言学;先认可后批判索绪尔的生成语法学;不接受并远离索绪尔的奥格顿、理查德语义学和伦敦学派;向语言与人类、语言与社会扩展的人类语言学和社会语言学。Since Saussure's Course in General Linguistics ,contemporary linguistics has witnessed waves of development. Nowadays there are many branches of linguistics,such as syntax,semantics,pragmatics,phonology,phonetics,psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics,cognitive linguistics,computational linguistics,corpus linguistics,neurolinguistics,to name but a few. Where do these branches come from? Are there any patterns of development to be found? Are they inter-related? This paper views the development of contemporary linguistics like throwing three stones into a pond bringing about three concentric rings of expansion. The first concentric ring focuses on the relation between language,semiotic and society. Although Saussure defines la langue as a system of symbols and semiotic relations,it is essentially a social semiotic system,for it is regarded as belonging to the collective mind. Language as a social-cultural phenomenon constitutes a major thematic development in contemporary linguistics,which has given rise to quite a few branches of linguistics.

关 键 词：当代语言学 语言符号系统 语符学 区别特征 生成语法学 伦敦学派 社会语言学 人类语言学 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]