北京市中小学生近视状况及其影响因素分析  

Prevalence of Myopia and the Impact Factors Among Students in Beijing

作　　者：宋惠平[1,2] 刘颖颖[1] 宋玉珍[3] 段佳丽[4] 赵宏 郭欣[4] 刘娟[1] 刘韫宁[1] 郭秀花[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生与家庭医学学院,北京100069 [2]北京老年医院 [3]北京市教育委员会体育美育处 [4]北京市疾病预防控制中心 [5]北京市眼卫士

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2010年第7期818-820,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：北京市教委委托项目(编号:01424)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市中小学生近视的患病率及其影响因素,为有效防治近视提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对北京市15 316名中小学生进行问卷调查和验光检测。结果北京市中小学生近视率为53.8%,城区与郊区学生差异无统计学意义(P=0.28),重点与非重点学校、男生与女生之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。近视与年龄、视近距离、视近持续时间、父亲学历以及家族史密切相关。看书、看电视距离适当是视力保护因素。结论中小学生近视是严重的公共卫生问题,应把有近视家族史的学生作为防近工作的重点。良好用眼习惯是视力的保护因素。Objective To explore prevalence and the impact factors for myopia,and to provide evidence for effective prevention and control.Methods Using the stratified random sampling method,questionnaires and diopter check were done for 15 316 students from nine districts in Beijing.Results The prevalence of myopia was 53.8%.There was no statistical significant difference between urban and rural（P=0.28）,but statistical significant difference between male and female or key schools and not key schools.There was a significant correlation between myopia and ages,near work distance and continuing learning time,father＇s education level and family history.The proper distances between eyes and books or TV sets were protective factors.Conclusion Students＇ myopia remains a serious public health problem.The students of myopic family history should be taken as focus of prevention.Developing good habits is critical for the prevention of myopia.

关 键 词：近视 患病率 因素分析 统计学 学生 

分 类 号：R770.421[医药卫生—眼科] R195.1[医药卫生—临床医学]