甜菜蚜(半翅目,蚜科)的种下分化——基于形态与分子数据  

SUBSPECIES DIFFERENTIATION OF APHIS FABAE SCOPOLI (HEMIPTERA,APHIDIDAE) BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA

作　　者：张慧红[1,2] 黄晓磊[2] 姜立云[2] 乔格侠[2] 郑哲民[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710062 [2]中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室,中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《动物分类学报》2010年第3期537-545,共9页Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830017);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-Z-011);中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室开放课题(0529YX5105);领域前沿项目(KSCX3-IOZ-0612);国家基础科学人才培养基金(NSFC-J0630964/J0109)

摘　　要：甜菜蚜Aphis fabae Scopoli是世界广布性害虫,主要为害甜菜、蚕豆、荞麦、玉米等农作物以及欧洲卫矛、金莲花等园林植物,该种包含6个亚种,即指名亚种A.fabae fabae Scopoli、刺菜亚种A.fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scopoli、卫茅亚种A.fabae evonymi Fabricius、牛蒡亚种A.fabae mordvilkoi Brner & Janich、茄亚种A.fabae solanella Theobald和蓟亚种A.fabae eryngii E.E.Blanchard。由于各亚种形态特征十分相似,分类学上通常依据次生寄主植物来鉴定。至于这些亚种是否成立,不同的学者观点不同。为此,本研究选取了甜菜蚜4个亚种(卫矛亚种和蓟亚种除外),基于比较形态特征和分子遗传差异来确定这些亚种的分类地位。光学显微镜下观察并测量了10个常用的鉴别形态特征,判别分析结果表明牛蒡亚种和指名亚种具有较高的交叉重叠范围,而刺菜亚种和茄亚种部分个体互相重叠,部分个体相对独立,形态特征结果分析说明这些特征并不能对4个亚种进行有效区分。基于线粒体基因Cyt b、用于DNA条形编码的COⅠ基因序列片段和它的5’端,对4个亚种34个个体的分子数据进行了分析,结果表明4个亚种的所有个体之间基于COⅠ和Cyt b序列的遗传距离范围均为0.0%～1.3%;基于遗传距离所构建的邻接树(NJ)明显聚为两支(支持率100%),两分支之间的遗传距离范围为1.1%～1.3%,各亚种内部的遗传距离范围为0.00～0.03%;结果表明甜菜蚜可能是一个正在分化的物种,基于DNA序列的分析并不支持4个亚种的划分。Aphis fabae Scopoli is a widespread pest which has a significant impact to crops, such as Beta vulgaris, Vicia fabae, Vigna unguiculata, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Zea mays, and horticultural plants, such as Evonymus europaeus and Tropaeolum majus. It is divided into 6 subspecies, i. e. A. fabae fabae Scopoli, A. fabae cirsiiacanthoidis Scopoli, A. fabae evonymi Fabricius, A. fabae mordvilkoi Brner and Janich, A. fabae solanella Theobald and A. fabae eryngii Blanchard. These subspecies are usually identified by difference of secondary host plants, because there are very similar morphological characters. Different taxonomists have different views on taxonomic states of these subspecies. In order to test the reliability of these subspecies, we compared morphological characters and genetic differences of 34 samples, based on four subspecies and another two subspecies, A. fabae evonymi Fabricius and A. fabae eryngii Blanchard, remain to be studied. Ten important characters of 4 subspecies were used in morphological comparison among samples from various secondary host plants. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the character＇s ranges of A. fabae mordvilkoi and nominate subspecies largely overlap, while most individuals of A. fabae cirsiiacanthoidis and A. fabae solanella were considerably separated from other two subspecies. However, the analysis indicated that morphological characters are not very useful to identify four subspecies. The pair-wise genetic distances （K2P） of 34 samples （4 subspecies） based on mitochondrial cytochorme b （Cyt b） and cytochrome oxidase I （COⅠ） sequences are from 0.0%-1.3%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the 4 subspecies clustered two clades with high support （bootstrap value 100）. The genetic distances between the two clades are 1.1%-1.3%, while the intra-subspecies genetic distances are 0.00%-0.03%. Aphis fabae may be on the way of differentiation, which is not supported 4 subspecies from genetic data.

关 键 词：甜菜蚜 形态特征 寄主植物 CYT b COⅠ 种下分化 

分 类 号：Q961[生物学—昆虫学]