渔业管理中生物学参考点的理论及其应用  

Theory and application of biological reference points in fisheries management

作　　者：童玉和[1] 陈新军[1,2,3] 田思泉[1,2,3] 张毓颖 陈勇[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]School of Marine Sciences,University of Maine

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第7期1040-1050,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD09A05);国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2007AA092202);上海市教委创新项目(10YZ124);上海市捕捞学重点学科(S03702)

摘　　要：生物学参考点常被表示为与渔业管理相关联的捕捞死亡率和生物量,是单从生物学角度来衡量渔业资源及其开发状况的指标。通常可分为目标参考点、限制参考点和阈值参考点。目标参考点是为了持续获得某一目标渔获量所需的最小生物量和相应捕捞死亡率,包括目标生物量(Bmsy)、目标产卵亲体量(Smsy、SSB35%、SSB40%)、目标捕捞死亡率(Fmsy、Fmax、F0.1、Fmed、F40%、F40%)等参数。限制参考点用于保证捕捞死亡率不会高到危害鱼类种群的可持续利用和其生物量不会低到危害其生存,主要包括Fmsy、Fmax、F0.1、Fcrash、F20%、Bloss等参数。阈值参考点介于目标参考点和限制参考点之间,包括预防性捕捞死亡率Fpa、预防性生物量Bpa,主要对渔业资源的开发和管理进行预警,防止生物量小于BL。生物学参考点主要应用动态综合模型、产量模型和亲体量补充量关系模型来估算,估算过程中需要考虑到补充、生长、死亡等生命史过程中的不确定性。本文对生物学参考点的发展和应用进行了综述,并以金枪鱼渔业为例阐述它在渔业管理上的应用。近几十年来,我国近海渔业资源出现衰退,亟需利用生物学参考点的原理和方法对重要渔业资源种类进行评估,并制定符合我国实情的捕捞控制规则,确保近海渔业资源的可持续利用。Biological reference points （BRPs） are often used as the benchmark in quantifying management objectives and determining the status of fisheries stocks.In general,there are two groups of BRPs,fishing-mortality-based and biomass-based.For fishing-mortality-based or biomass-based BRPs,there are target reference point （TRP）,limit reference point （LRP） and threshold reference points （ThRP）.Target reference points are used to quantify the management goals.Typical target BRPs include target biomass Bmsy,target spawning stock biomass Smsy, SSB35%,SSB40%,target fishing mortality Fmsy and its proxies such as Fmax,F0.1,Fmed,F35%,F40%.These represent ideal or optimal levels of stock biomass and fishing mortality that are sustainable. The LRPs are used to ensure that fishing mortality is not too high to overfish populations and that stock biomass is not too low to sustain itself,and often include Fmsy,Fmax,F0.1,Fcrash,F20%,and Bloss.Threshold reference points usually have values between the TRPs and LRPs and act as a warning or precautionary indicator before the fisheries reach the LRPs.The BRPs are usually estimated from dynamic pool models,production models and stock-recruitment models,and are often incorporated into a harvest control rule （HCR） in fisheries management.Large uncertainty is often associated with BRPs,which may result from errors in key life history parameters and variability in the ecosystem.In this study,using tuna fisheries as an example,we comprehensively reviewed the development and application of BRPs in fisheries management.We also discussed the development of BRPs and relevant HCR for the management of inshore fisheries in China.

关 键 词：生物学参考点 渔业管理 控制规则 金枪鱼渔业 近海渔业 

分 类 号：S937[农业科学—渔业资源]