西南喀斯特山区石漠化治理的原则、途径与问题  

Comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification in karst mountainous areas,southwestern China:fundamental,approach and issues

作　　者：田秀玲[1,2] 倪健[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州铜仁学院生物与化学系,贵州铜仁554300 [2]华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院环境科学系,上海200062 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2010年第4期532-539,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)课题(2006CB403207)

摘　　要：喀斯特山地石漠化作为一种土地退化的特殊景观现象,严重制约着西南山区经济的可持续发展,加剧了该地区的贫困程度。近年来,在国家、各级政府及广大民众的齐心合力下,石漠化治理取得了一定的可喜成绩,但石漠化的总体增长趋势仍未得到基本遏制,治理形势依旧严峻。本文尝试将现有的喀斯特石漠化治理理论、原则和途径进行归纳和总结,并就目前治理过程中存在的问题提出建议和注意事项。在西南喀斯特山区的石漠化治理中,我们应该遵循以下原则:治理要符合自然客观规律、经济与生态兼顾并重、因地制宜、分区域治理、技术与措施的可操作并维持生态系统的可持续发展。通过多年的石漠化治理实践,人们摸索出了许多成功、有效的治理途径,包括生态修复工程、基本农田建设工程、水资源开发利用工程、沼气工程、生态移民、草地畜牧业和生态农业的发展。然而,石漠化治理过程和治理之后仍然存在诸多问题:退耕还林还草的生态补偿,生态移民的安置及素质教育,石漠化治理范围的确定,沼气池的管护、维修和改造,草地畜牧业发展中牧场规模的大小、管理人员经济管理意识的培养、养殖技术的提高,"坡改梯"工程的设计、建造及梯坎的改良,"植树造林"项目中物种的选择及造林管林结合等方面,进一步思考和解决这些问题,可对长期的喀斯特石漠化治理实践起到一定的指导和参考作用。The rocky desertification in karst mountain areas of southwestern China, a specific phenomenon of land degradation, is one of the most serious environmental problems and a hotspot of ecological research. The critical situation of population, resources and environment restricts seriously the sustainable development of this region. This resulted in the poverty which will become worse and worse. During recent years the central and local governments and the public worked hard to attempt to address this problem. Some of scientific and technological achievements about the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertifieation have been successfully obtained. However the increasing trend of rocky desertification has not been basically restrained. The governance situation still remains rigorously. In this paper we attempt to summarize and synthesize the existing theory, fundamental, and approach of karst rocky desertification treatment. Advice and attentive issues resolving the existing problems of present treatments are provided. During the comprehensive treatments of rocky desertification in karst mountain area of southwest China, we should follow some principles. The treatment must accord with natural rules. Both economic development and ecological construction must be equally paid attention to. Different places and different situation of rocky desertification must be treated in different ways, and such different treatments must be performed according to ecological divisions. Furthermore technique and measurement should be exercisable in order to maintain the sustainable development of ecosystems in this degraded mountain area. Many successful and effective approaches have been explored through the practice of long-term rocky desertification treatments. Such approaches include ecological restoration engineering, essential agricultural construction engineering, exploitation and utilization engineering of water resources, marsh gas pit engineering, ecological migration, pasture and stockbreeding, and ecological agriculture de

关 键 词：喀斯特地貌 西南山地 石漠化 生态修复 生态移民 治理工程 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]