农村能源消费的环境效应研究  

Research of Environmental Effects about Rural Energy Consumption

作　　者：师华定[1] 齐永青[2] 刘韵[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [3]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第8期148-153,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国合会项目"改善农村环境适应气候变化潜力分析研究"(项目编号:SPN/08/103-CCCPF)资助

摘　　要：近年来,我国农村能源消费增长迅速,消费模式的转变,传统生物质能源与以煤炭为主的商品能源的消费格局发生变化,与此相关的环境问题日益突出,成为制约农村地区经济—社会—环境和谐发展的重要因素之一,对农村地区应对气候变化能力也产生严峻挑战。本文分析了农村能源消费的变化与主要问题,利用农村能源消费的统计数据,采用排放系数法,估算了1980-2004年时段我国农村能源消费的CO2及主要污染物的排放量;比较了传统生物质能源与煤炭为主的商品能源的消费特点与环境效应,指出基于我国农村地区存量巨大的生物质能资源的高效、可持续利用,是满足我国农村地区能源消费需求,减少温室气体和污染物排放,改善农村环境,提高减缓和适应气候变化能力的重要手段。并在此基础上,对我国农村能源消费提出相应的政策导向建议,实现农村能源的可持续消费与利用。In recent years, China＇s rural energy consumption has grown rapidly. Meanwhile, change of consumption patterns, and change of traditional biomass and coal-based energy consumption pattern, lead to the related environmental problems in rural areas, which becomes increasingly prominent factors to restrict the harmonious development of economy-society-environment in rural areas, and challenges the ability to response climate change. This paper analyzed the change and major problems of rural energy consumption, assessed＇the emission of CO2 and other contaminations during year 1980 - 2004 with the method of emission factor based on the statistical data, compared the consumption characteristics and environmental effects of traditional biomass and coal-based energy consumption, and pointed out that efficient, sustainable use of biomass energy is an important tool to solve the needs of energy consumption in rural areas, to reduce greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions, to improve the quality of rural environment, and to improve the ability of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. And on this basis, the paper proposes appropriate policy-oriented recommendations for China＇ s rural energy consumption to achieve sustainable rural energy consumption and utilization.

关 键 词：气候变化 农村能源消费 环境效应 

分 类 号：F323.214[经济管理—产业经济]