氨氧化古菌及其在氮循环中的重要作用  

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and their important roles in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling:A review.

作　　者：刘晶静[1] 吴伟祥[1,2] 丁颖[1,2] 石德智[1] 陈英旭[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境保护研究所,杭州310029 [2]浙江省水体污染控制与环境安全技术重点实验室,杭州310029

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第8期2154-2160,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2006AA06Z327);浙江省科技计划项目(2006C13066)资助

摘　　要：氨氧化作用作为硝化过程的第一步,是氮素生物地球化学循环的关键步骤.长期以来,变形菌纲β和γ亚群中的氨氧化细菌一直被认为是氨氧化作用的主要承担者.然而,近年来研究发现氨氧化古菌广泛存在于各种生态系统中,并且在数量上占明显优势,在氮素生物地球化学循环中起着非常重要的作用.本文概述了氨氧化古菌的形态、生理生态特性及其系统发育特征,对比分析了氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌的氨单加氧酶及其编码基因的异同,综述了氨氧化古菌在水生和陆地等生态系统氮素循环中的作用,同时就氨氧化古菌在应用生态和环境保护领域今后的研究重点进行了展望.As the first step of nitrification,ammonia oxidation is the key process in global nitrogen biogeochemical cycling.So far,the autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） in the β-and γ-subgroups of proteobacteria have been considered as the most important contributors to ammonia oxidation,but the recent researches indicated that ammonia-oxidizing archaea（AOA） are widely distributed in various kinds of ecosystems and quantitatively predominant,playing important roles in the global nitrogen biogeochemical cycling.This paper reviewed the morphological,physiological,and ecological characteristics and the molecular phylogenies of AOA,and compared and analyzed the differences and similarities of the ammonia monooxygenase（AMO） and its encoding genes between AOA and AOB.In addition,the potential significant roles of AOA in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems were summarized,and the future research directions of AOA in applied ecology and environmental protection were put forward.

关 键 词：氨氧化古菌 氨单加氧酶 氮循环 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]