食物和温度对海洋底栖纤毛虫——叶状突口虫种群增长的影响  

Effects of Temperature and Food Supply on Population Growth of Marine Benthic Ciliate, Condylostoma spatiosum

作　　者：李承春[1,2] 徐奎栋[1] 类彦立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2010年第4期545-549,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KZCX2-YW-417);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.40576072;40706047)资助~~

摘　　要：为了解海洋底栖纤毛虫的种群动力学,揭示不同温度和食物条件对其种群增长的影响,以一种潮间带常见且占优势的大型底栖纤毛虫——叶状突口虫(Condylostoma spatiosum)为对象,通过在室内15℃、20℃及25℃下分别投饲等边金藻、牟氏角毛藻、杜氏盐藻和三角褐指藻,进行种群增长研究.结果显示,叶状突口虫的增长率总体上随温度升高而加快,在15℃下的增长率远低于20℃和25℃下.同时,不同食物也对增长率产生了明显影响:杜氏盐藻投喂组的纤毛虫在3种温度下均获得较高的增长率(25℃下达0.692d-1)和最大的种群数量,等边金藻投喂组则在增长率和最大种群数量上均较小,而15℃下牟氏角毛藻投喂组的种群增长率最低(仅0.103d-1).统计分析显示,食物和温度以及两者的交互作用对叶状突口虫种群增长率均有显著影响(P<0.001).本研究表明,底栖纤毛虫在较高温度和较佳食物条件下可获得更高的种群增长率.由于底栖纤毛虫的多样性(大小、食性等)及食物因子(类型及品质)的复杂性,以及食物与温度可能存在的交互作用,经由不同温度和食物条件测得的种群增长率进而估算的纤毛虫生产力可能产生较大差异.因此,在底栖微食物网模型构建时应同时考虑温度和食物的交互影响.To reveal the population dynamics of marine benthic ciliates, and assess the effects of temperature and food supply on thier growth, the growth of Condylostoma spatiosum, a large and frequently dominant ciliate was investigated in intertidal areas. The laboratory experiments were conducted at three temperatures of 15℃, 20℃ and 25℃, and with four algal species （Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros mulleri, Dunaliella salina and Phaeodactylum tricornutum） as prey. The growth rate of C. spatiosum generally increased with increasing of temperature, and the rate at 15℃ was distinctly lower than that at 20℃ and 25℃. Meanwhile, food prey types markedly affected the growth rate of C. spatiosum. The growth rate and maximal population size of C. spatiosum were the highest when it was supplied with D. salina, while the both values were distinctly low with I. galbana, and the lowest growth rate occurred at 15℃ with C. mulleri. Statistical analysis suggested that the effects of temperature and food supply as well as their interactions were signif icant （P 0.001）. This study indicated that the growth of benthic ciliates could be enhanced by higher temperature and appropriate food supply. The diversity of benthic ciliates （e.g. size, feeding type） and the complexity of food supplies （e.g. prey type, quality）, as well as the potential interactions between temperature and food supply might result in deviation of their growth rate when the value obtained from individual circumstances was generalized. It is suggested that temperature and food supply should be taken into account simultaneously in the modeling of benthic microbial food web. Fig1, Tab3, Ref20

关 键 词：底栖纤毛虫 叶状突口虫 种群增长率 食物 温度 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]