马克思思想视域中的历史主义  

The Historism in the Vision of Marx's Thought

作　　者：沈湘平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《学术月刊》2010年第8期34-42,共9页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：马克思认为他所知道的唯一的一门科学就是历史科学。马克思的历史科学在本质上是关于存在的历史性的科学,德国历史研究传统中的历史主义对之产生了深刻影响。马克思之后的思想家们对马克思的思想是否是一种历史主义有着不同甚至是对立的指认。马克思的思想本质上是一种历史主义,历史主义的原则与方法是其历史科学的直接规定性。不过,比之于其他历史主义,特别是德国传统的历史主义,马克思的历史主义是建立在存在的历史性规定基础上的,其本体论基础是唯物主义的。马克思的历史主义既非阿尔都塞保卫马克思时所反对的历史主义,也非波普尔攻击马克思时所描述的历史主义,马克思历史科学视野中的世界既是总体的,也是具体的;既是结构的,也是历史的。在今天看来,恰恰是马克思意义上的历史主义,使我们具有了超越普遍主义、绝对主义与相对主义、虚无主义对立的可能。Marx claimed that the unique science he had known was historical science.Marx＇s historical science,in essence,is a science about historicity of being and is affected deeply by the historism which comes from the tradition of Germany historical studies.The thinkers after Marx have a different,even contrary indication on the problem whether Marx＇ thought is a kind of historism.Marx＇s thought is essentially a kind of historism,of which the principles and methods are the direct provision of the historical science.However,compared to other historisms,especially Germany traditional historism,Marx＇s historism is established on the basis of historic provision of being,and it＇s ontology basis is the materialism.Marx＇s historism is different from neither the historism of Louis Althusser objected to in his defense of Marx nor the historicism of Karl Popper described when he attacked Marx.Instead,the world in the Marx＇s view of historical science is both total and specific,structural and historical.It is precisely the Marx＇s historism that provides us the possiblity of surpassing the opposition between the universalism and the Absolutism,the relativism and the nihilism.

关 键 词：马克思 历史 历史科学 历史主义 历史性 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]