南水北调西线工程对长江上游水库发电的影响  

Impact of the west route South to North Water Transfer Project on energy generation of reservoirs in the upper Yangtze reaches

作　　者：金勇[1] 唐新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2010年第4期118-126,139,共10页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室"自主研究课题"资助(2008-ZY-4)

摘　　要：南水北调西线工程规划一、二期工程合并后,新一期调水工程从雅砻江、大渡河共调水80亿m3,二期工程从通天河调水80亿m3。本文对南水北调西线调水影响下的长江上游水库群运行作了分析,考虑了受西线影响的52座大型水库。调水使水库梯级的发电量明显减少,雅砻江水系减少比例最大;调水对调节库容大的水库影响较大,龙头水库的运行状况对其水系发电和径流的影响显著,汛末不能蓄满时其水系电量损失更大;对受调水影响水库群的弃水作了分析,弃水主要发生于汛期,大渡河弃水最多,受调水影响最小;调水对减少水库群弃水有益,但调水后水库群发电损失较大。调水对三峡枢纽发电影响不大,长江上游所有规划水库修建后,西线调水160亿m3,三峡平均每年损失电量31.9亿度,约减少3.6%。此外又考虑了滇中调水工程,所有调水工程运行后,长江上游水库群年均电量总损失为870亿度。The first and second phases in the original planning of the west route south-north water transfer project have been combined into one phase.In the new first phase,a total volume 8 × 109m3 of water is transferred from the Yalong river and the Dadu river,while in the new second phase about 8 × 109m3 is from the Tongtian river.The paper simulates and analyzes the operation of reservoir systems in the upper Yangtze reaches under the water delivery conditions,with consideration of 52 reservoirs influenced by the project.The results show that the water transfer reduces the generated energy of cascade reservoirs significantly,with the greatest impact on the Yalong river system.Second,the project produces a greater effect on the reservoirs with a larger regulating storage,and the operation condition changes of principal reservoirs cause a significant change in the runoff and a power yield loss of the watershed,particularly,the yield loss would be more severe if at the end of flood season these reservoirs is not yet filled up to the full storage.Third,under the water delivery conditions,surplus water releasing concentrates on flood season,and the Dadu river of surplus volume greater than the other river systems is influenced the least.Though the project favors the reduction of surplus water,the net effect is a considerable loss in the power yield of reservoir system.In addition,we find that the transfer of a total volume 16 × 109m3 from the upper Yangtze reaches in the design condition causes a small reduction in the power output of the Three Georges project（TGP）,a reduction of about 3.6% or a loss of 3.19 × 109kW.h per year.If the Dianzhong water transfer project is accounted also,then in the design condition the loss in the annual energy output by the upper Yangtze reaches will sum up to 87 × 109kW.h.

关 键 词：南水北调西线工程 水电开发 三峡枢纽 弃水分析 滇中调水工程 

分 类 号：TV131.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]