单目视觉坐标测量方法  

Measurement of coordinates by single-camera vision

作　　者：刘长英[1] 高乐[1] 高印寒[2] 车仁生[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院,长春130061 [2]吉林大学测试科学实验中心,长春130022 [3]哈尔滨工业大学电气工程与自动化学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2010年第5期1278-1282,共5页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20070535)

摘　　要：为了解决现代化生产中对高精度、大尺寸、三维整体现场在线测量技术的需求问题,提出了一种基于光学测头成像的单目视觉坐标测量方法。该方法以光学测头上的光学特征点作为成像目标,利用单个摄像机获取测量信息。测量过程中,通过分析光学测头上光学特征点的二维成像坐标,利用特征点之间已知的几何约束知识和摄像机的透视投影模型,建立特征点与对应像点的求解关系。通过基于奇异值分解的位姿优化算法确定特征点的空间位置坐标。根据特征点与测尖间已知的位置约束关系确定被测点的空间坐标,从而实现坐标测量目的。测试实验结果表明,该方法切实可行,系统的测量不确定度小于0.32mm。A single-camera method based on the optical probe imagery to measure the 3D coordinates was proposed to meet the demand of the modern manufacturing industry on the high-precision large-scale 3D on-line measuring technology. The method uses the information acquired by a single camera, takes the optical point as the imaging target. The solving relationship between the feature point and the corresponding image point were established using the known knowledge about geometric constraints between the feature points by analyzing the 2D image coordinates of optical feature points in the optical probe. The spatial position coordinates were determined by the pose estimation optimization algorithm based on the singular value decomposition. The 3D coordinates of the measured point were determined by the known position constraint between the feature point and the measuring tip. So realized the measurment of 3D coordinates. The experimental measurment results show that the method is feasible with a measuring uncertainty less than 0.32 mm.

关 键 词：仪器仪表技术 视觉测量 光学测头 姿态估计 奇异值分解 

分 类 号：TH74[机械工程—光学工程]