国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所花生微核心种质含油量及脂肪酸分析与鉴定  

Oil and Fatty Acids Variation in ICRISAT Peanut Mini Core Collection

作　　者：吕建伟[1] 姜慧芳[1] 任小平[1] 黄家权[1] 雷永[1] 王圣玉[1] 廖伯寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2010年第5期555-559,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD13B05-2);国家自然科学基金项目(30571132);国家科技基础条件平台项目(2005DKA21002-13);农作物种质资源保护项目(NB05-070401-32)

摘　　要：以国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所（ICRISAT）花生微核心种质为材料,系统分析测试含油量和脂肪酸组成。分析结果表明,ICRISAT花生微核心种质的含油量平均为51.67%,变异范围49.16%-55.44%,珍珠豆型资源的含油量高于其他类型,发掘出高油种质1份。在主要脂肪酸中,棕榈酸平均含量10.74%,变异范围7.9%-13.5%;硬脂酸2.85%,变异范围1.8%-3.9%;油酸46.36%,变异范围37.0%-64.7%;亚油酸32.86%,变异范围18.0%-40.4%;饱和脂肪酸含量19.21%,变异范围15.2%-22.1%。普通型花生的油酸含量高于其他类型,而亚油酸和棕榈酸含量低于其他类型。发掘出高油酸种质4份,低棕榈酸种质19份,低饱和脂肪酸种质7份。通过脂肪酸组成的分析,高油酸种质和低饱和脂肪酸种质均同时具备低棕榈酸的优良特性。SSR分析结果表明,这些种质的遗传差异相对较大。根据5对SSR引物的扩增结果,绘制了20份资源的分子指纹图谱,为这些优质资源的保护和有效利用奠定了基础。Oil content and fatty acid composition are crucial for nutritional value and shelf life of peanut.Increasing oil and oleic acid and decreasing the saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acids has been important breeding objectives worldwide.In the study,oil content and fatty acids composition of 151 accessions from ICRISAT peanut mini core collection were evaluated.The oil content ranged from 49.16% to 55.44% with an average of 51.67%.The mean oil content in var.vulgaris was much higher than that in other botanical types.One high oil content genotype was identified.Major fatty acids,palmitic acid,stearate acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid ranged from 7.9%to 13.5%,1.8%to 3.9%,37.0%to 64.7%and 18.0%to 40.4%,respectively.Saturated fatty acids together comprised 15.2%to 22.1% of the total fatty acids.The oleic acid in var.hypogaea was higher than that in other botanical types and palmitic and linoleic acids was lower than those in other botanical types respectively.Four genotypes with high oleic acid content,19 with low palmitic acid content and 7 with low saturated acids content were identified.The results showed that the genotypes with high oleic acid content and genotypes with low saturated fatty acids content possessed the trait of low palmitic acid content.The DNA fingerprints of 20 accessions based on SSR markers which were high oil,oleic acid contents,low palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids were constructed.

关 键 词：国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所 花生微核心种质 含油量 脂肪酸 鉴定 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]