印度洋表层海水石油降解菌的多样性分析  

Diversity of oil-degrading bacteria isolated form the Indian Ocean sea surface

作　　者：吴常亮[1] 王鑫[1] 邵宗泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室

出　　处：《微生物学报》2010年第9期1218-1225,共8页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科技资源平台项目(2005DKA21209);国家自然科学基金项目(30670051)~~

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究印度洋石油降解菌多样性,并获得新的石油降解菌。【方法】本研究通过印度洋表层海水样品采集、以柴油与原油1：1混合物作为碳源,从中富集、分离筛选石油降解菌,并通过PCR-DGGE对13个站点富集菌群的菌群结构进行分析。【结果】通过形态观察、生理生化反应和16SrRNA分析,共得到共29个属的51株不同的细菌,它们主要是属于α亚群和γ亚群。其中,Alcanivorax属（占18%）,Novosphingobium属（占10%）和Marinobacter（占6%）Thalassospira（占6%）为主要的优势菌。通过生态多样性分析表明,Shannon-Winner指数（H）为4.57968,说明其具有较高的多样性;均匀度指数（E）为0.8664771,表示其分布比较均匀。单菌实验表明,49株具有石油降解能力其中,Sinomonas,Knoellia,Mesoflavibacter等属的细菌为首次发现有降解能力。DGGE分析表明Alcanivorax属的细菌是印度洋表层海水中的重要石油降解菌。【结论】本研究首次揭示了印度洋表层海水中石油降解菌的多样性,并获取了若干在海洋石油污染生物修复中具有应用前景的降解菌。[Objective]In order to investigate the diversity of oil-degrading bacteria in the surface seawater across the India Ocean,and to obtain new oil-degrading bacteria.[Methods]Potential oil-degrading bacteria were selected out via 1：1 mixture of diesel and crude oil as sole carbon source.Meanwhile,the community structure of 13 enrichments was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE）.[Results]We obtained 51 unique strains of 29 genera after screening via morphological,physiological,biochemical and 16S rRNA analyses.They mainly belonged toαandγ-Proteobacteria.The four genera Alcanivorax（accounting for 18%）,Novosphingobium（10%）,Marinobacter（6%） and Thalassospira（6%） were the most predominant bacteria.Ecological analyses showed that the bacteria had high diversity with Shannon-Winner index（H） of 4.57968,and distributed even with Evenness index（E） as 0.8664771.Then Further experiments revealed oil-degrading capability of 49 strains.In addition,our investigation revealed oil-degrading ability of genera Sinomonas,Knoellia and Mesoflavibacter for the first time.DGGE fingerprint patterns indicated that the genus Alcanivorax was an important oil-degrading bacteria in the surface seawater across the India Ocean.[Conclusion]This study demonstrated a high diversity of the oil-degradation bacteria in the surface seawater of Indian Ocean,these bacteria are of potential in bioremediation of marine oil pollution.

关 键 词：印度洋 生物降解 石油 海洋细菌 多样性 DGGE 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]