道教人物画像颜料的原位无损分析  

Non-destructive in-situ characterization of pigments on a portrait of Chinese Taoism figure

作　　者：何秋菊[1] 李涛[2] 施继龙[3] 赵瑞廷[1] 李玉玲[1] 邵芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都博物馆 文物保护修复中心,北京100045 [2]中国科学院研究生院人文学院 科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [3]北京印刷学院 印刷与包装工程学院 印刷史研究室,北京102600

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2010年第3期61-68,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：利用漫反射光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱和能量色散X射线荧光技术,对一张道教人物画像的颜料进行原位无损鉴别,结果显示,画像主要使用了朱砂、巴黎绿、群青、雌黄、碳黑和铅白。为了明确群青是人工合成还是天然颜料,采用X射线衍射对画像蓝色颜料进行物相分析,结果表明,该颜料确为合成群青。由于群青和巴黎绿均为人工合成颜料,其首次合成时间分别为1828年和1814年,清代晚期引入我国,由此推断该画像应在清代晚期以后绘制。这一研究表明,上述三项技术联用非常适合于易损和不允许取样的古字画颜料的无损分析鉴定,在纸张类文物分析中具有广阔的应用前景。Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS） ,laser- Raman spectrometry （LRS） and energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence （EDXRF） were employed for the characterization of pigments on a portrait of Chinese Taoism figure on paper. The results showed clearly cinnabar, emerald green, ultramarine, orpiment, carbon black, and lead white were mainly used. To determine whether the ultramarine used was synthetic or natural, its crystal structure was characterized by X - ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed the blue pigment was synthetic ultramarine. Ultramarine blue and emerald green were synthesized in 1828 and 1814 ,respectively and introduced to China in the late Qing Dynasty. It was concluded that the portrait was made no earlier than the late Qing Dynasty. This study shows that DRS, LRS, and EDXRF are ideal and powerful tools for non destructive identification of pigments on fragile paper - based cultural materials. The technique has broad application in analysis of cultural relics.

关 键 词：古字画 颜料 漫反射 显微激光拉曼 能量色散x射线荧光 

分 类 号：K876.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]