拉萨河流域健康湿地与退化湿地大型土壤动物群落比较研究  

Community Changes of Soil Macrofauna in Native and Degenerative Wetlands of the Lhasa River

作　　者：殷秀琴[1] 安静超[1] 陶岩[1] 辛未冬[1] 蒋云峰[1] 王富斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第9期1643-1649,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：科技部支撑项目(编号:2007BAC06B03-07)

摘　　要：青藏高原是我国重要的高寒湿地分布区,高寒湿地也是我国特有的湿地类型。随着社会经济发展,人口不断的增长及农牧活动的增加,湿地面积、植被和土壤水分条件都发生了明显的变化。大型土壤动物是构成湿地生态系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分,与植物群落间有密切的联系。本文以拉萨河流域健康湿地和退化湿地为研究对象,探讨大型土壤动物群落特征,为高原湿地的监测及保护提供土壤动物学依据。研究结果表明,退化湿地大型土壤动物类群数和个体数均高于健康湿地,退化湿地稀有类群极为丰富,由于退化湿地生境较为干燥,出现了蚁科、隐翅虫科、步甲科等动物类群。显著性检验结果显示,健康湿地和退化湿地大型土壤动物存在明显的差异性,产生这种差异的主要原因是受生境中植被和土壤中含水率的影响。Alpine wetland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important area of wetland distribution and a unique wetland type in China.Affected by economic activities,growth of population and increases of agriculture and livestock in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,great changes in area,vegetation and soil water content in alpine wetlands have taken placed,resulting in degradation of ecological functions and environmental effects on alpine wetlands.Soil macrofauna are important components in wetland ecosystems and show close relation with local plant community.In this paper,the authors investigated soil macrofauna in native and degenerative wetlands of the Lhasa River in an effort to examine the community characteristics of soil macrofauna,which can provide soil fauna data and would be helpful to monitor and protect alpine wetlands.Soil macrofauna were obtained by the hand-sorting method in every plot.The area of each plot was 25 cm×25 cm and soil depth was 0-10 cm from the surface.A total of 6 replications were contained.At the same time,soil samples at a 0-10 cm soil depth were analyzed in laboratory,with determining soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and soil water content.Results showed that a total of 15 groups of soil macrofauna were obtained in native wetlands.Lumbricidae was the dominant group.A total of 6 common groups were observed,involving Valloniidae,Curculionidae,Curculionidae larvae,Muscidae larvae,Tabanidae larvae and Asilidae larvae.A total of 8 rare groups were observed,including Agelenidae,Forficulina,Mesoveliidae,Selenopidae,Aphididae,Muscidae,Cicadidae and Aradidae.A total of 18 groups of soil macrofauna were obtained in degenerative wetlands.Lumbricidae and Valloniidae were the dominant groups.There were only 4 common groups in degenerative wetlands,i.e.,Curculionidae,Curculionidae larvae,Succineidae and Lithobiidae.However,a total of 19 rare groups were observed in degenerative wetlands which were much more than that in native wetlands,i.e.,Muscidae larvae,Tabanidae

关 键 词：大型土壤动物 群落特征 健康湿地和退化湿地 拉萨河流域 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]