河型成因研究及其应用  

River Patterns and Their Changes

作　　者：尹学良[1] 梁志勇[1] 陈金荣[1] 刘峡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院

出　　处：《泥沙研究》1999年第2期13-19,共7页Journal of Sediment Research

摘　　要：大水淤滩刷槽，小水淤槽，河性河型就在这对相互矛盾过程的相互交替、相互抵消、相互消长中形成、演化。前者导向好河，后者导向坏河。两者的强弱对比，就是河性河型差异的总根据。可用来水来沙关系的ｍ值来表达这种对比。ｍ＞２５的将形成单股窄深蠕动性河型，ｍ＜２５的则形成多汊宽浅游荡性河型。改变来水来沙关系的ｍ值，大水淤滩刷槽、小水淤槽过程的强弱对比也就改变，河性河型也要逐步改变。这就是调水调沙、改造河性的真谛。将宽浅游荡河段改造成较窄深稳定，以便修建兴利工程和整治工程；将强烈淤积的河段改造成通畅的淤积较轻的河段，以延长河道工程的使用年限；将无防洪困难的宽浅河段改造成更宽浅的坏河，能拦截大量来沙以利于下游河段的整治利用；水沙条件不易改造，而需加一些人工辅助的，如将分汊性河道改造成单股性河道，等等。The paper suggests that patterns of river channels could be divided into two types, single channel and multiple channels, depending on the relation of incoming flow and sediment which could be represented by the component m. If m is larger than 2.5, the river would have a trend to one channel, straight or sinuous.and the single channel often develops a sinuous thalweg with alternate deeps and shallows, while m is smaller than 2.5, the river would go through multiple channels or braided stream. With the development of human civilization, patterns of river channels tend to be changeable. The authors point out that human could modify the river patterns based upon the given principles, in order to build up engineering or to promote sediment transport capacity.

关 键 词：河型成因 河性改道 水沙搭配 黄河 河槽淤积 

分 类 号：TV147.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV147.1