干旱区绿洲不同种植模式作物的耗水特征  

Characteristics of Crop Water Consumption of Different Cropping Patterns in an Arid Oasis

作　　者：柴强[1] 杨彩红[1] 黄高宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第5期1153-1159,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD46B06;2007BAD89B17);国家自然科学基金项目(30771264);甘肃省中青基金项目(3YS061-A25-021)资助

摘　　要：研究了限量交替灌溉条件下小麦间作玉米的产量效应和水分利用效率(WUE),并采用微型蒸渗仪测定了小麦间作玉米的棵间蒸发量,分析了影响间作棵间蒸发量的主要因素。结果表明,在低、中、高3个灌水水平下,小麦间作玉米的土地当量比分别达到了1.25、1.22、1.28,WUE较单作小麦和单作玉米的加权平均分别提高了5.8%、7.2%、16.9%。间作的日棵间蒸发量较单作加权平均分别高10.75%、8.53%、4.41%,棵间蒸发量占蒸散量比重间作较单作高6.0%～11.7%,降低表土层的土壤含水量是降低间作棵间蒸发的可行措施之一。间作通过叶日积的增大提高了作物产量和WUE,但其全生育期较低的叶面积指数不利于无效蒸发的抑制。In order to investigate the yield performance and water use efficiency （WUE） of wheat-maize intercropping, a field experiment under limited water supply and alternative irrigation was carried out in a arid oasis of Gansu Corridor. Soil evaporation was measured by Micro-Lysimeter, and the main influence factors of soil evaporation were analyzed. Results showed that the yields of intercropping patterns were significantly higher than that of the sole cropping patterns, and the Land Equivalent Ratio of intercropping patterns was 1.25, 1.22, 1.28 respectively under low, medium and high water supply level, and the WUE of intercropping patterns was increased by 5.8%, 7.2%, 16.9% respectively compared to the average WUE of wheat and maize. The daily soil evaporation of intercropping patterns under different water supply levels was increased by 10.75%, 8.53%, 4.41% respectively compared to that of the weighted average of sole cropping patterns, and the E/ET of the intercropping pattern was 6.0%～11.7% higher than that of the weighted average of sole cropping patterns. Reducing water content in surface soil was a effective way to decrease soil evaporation. Intercropping patterns could improve the yield and WUE of crops through enhancing LAD , but the low LAI of intercropping pattern was a disadvantage to control invalid evaporation.

关 键 词：间作 交替灌溉 土壤表面蒸发 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]