华北地台前寒武纪“后生动物化石”评述  

A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PRECAMBRIAN "METAZOAN FOSSILS" FROM NORTH CHINA

作　　者：罗翠[1] 朱茂炎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《古生物学报》2010年第3期288-307,共20页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院资源环境领域知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX-YW-Q08-4);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB806401);国家自然科学基金(40725005,40930211)联合资助

摘　　要：最新的古生物学和分子生物学研究表明,动物的最早祖先应该早于埃迪卡拉纪,可能在大约635—850Ma的成冰纪就已经出现,但是缺乏可靠的化石证据。华北地台的前寒武纪沉积地层发育,前人曾在这套地层中陆续报道过大量的"后生动物化石"。然而,这些化石的动物属性均存在疑问。文中通过整理1979年以来报道过的相关化石,将其分为"水母状化石"、"遗迹化石"和"蠕虫状化石"3类,结合部分新材料的研究,分别对其形态、保存特征和最新研究进展进行评述。认为其中大部分属假化石、MISS构造或可能的藻类化石,但以下几类化石作为可能的动物化石,具有进一步研究的价值:1)辽南五行山群的水母状化石;2)辽南兴民村组的水母状化石;3)部分遗迹化石(如辽南五行山群的Skolithos、北京青白口系的遗迹化石);以及4)"淮南生物群"的蠕虫状化石。The latest study of fossil records and molecular clock indicates that the common ancestor of metazoans might appear during Cryogenian （635—850 Ma）.But no reliable metazoan fossils have been found from pre-Ediacaran rocks around the world.A large amount of ＂metazoan fossils＂ have been reported from the well-developed Precambrian sedimentary rocks in North China previously.This paper brefiefly reviewed all these reported ＂metazoan fossils＂ since 1979,assigning which into three groups （medusoid fossils,trace fossils and vermiform fossils）,and discussing them based on some new materials in addition to the known data.It is demonstrated that all these metazoan fossils are dubious,some of them are pseudofossils or MISS,and some might be algae fossils.However,some of them still have a possibility to be metazoan fossils which are worthy to be restudied in future,including：1） Medusiod fossils from the Wuhangshan Group,southern Liaoning,which are once interpreted as pseudofossils.But if employing the new perspectives on taphonomy of the Ediacara Biota,these fossils could probably be treated as an analogue of the Ediacara-type discoidal fossils in Fermeuse-style preservation.2） Medusiod fossils from the Xingmincun Formation,southern Liaoning,which show Burgess Shale-type preservation as the Cambrian medusiform fossils embedded in mudstone.Further work is needed on their taphonomy,morphological reconstruction and phylogeny.3） Some trace fossils,such as Skolithos from the Wuhangshan Group in southern Liaoning,and the traces from the Qingbaikou System near Beijing.4） Vermiform fossils from the Neoproterozoic ＂Huainan Biota＂,northern Anhui.Even though they have recently been reinterpreted as possible algae fossils,there is no unambiguous Precambrian algae fossils showing similar transverse annulations.

关 键 词：后生动物 水母状化石 遗迹化石 蠕虫状化石 前寒武纪 华北 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]