贵州丹寨寒武系牛蹄塘组海绵动物化石及其环境背景  

SPONGES FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN NIUTITANG FORMATION AT DANZHAI,GUIZHOU AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND

作　　者：杨兴莲[1,2] 赵元龙[1] 朱茂炎[2] 崔滔[1] 杨凯迪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003 [2]现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《古生物学报》2010年第3期348-359,共12页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40902003,40725005,40930211);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB806401);贵州省科技特别基金项目(黔科机字2007-4004);贵州大学博士点(矿物、岩石、矿床学)建设基金项目联合资助

摘　　要：贵州丹寨南皋在寒武纪属于扬子板块深水相区,最近在该区寒武系下部牛蹄塘组中上部黑色泥页岩中发现了大量保存完好的海绵动物化石,共9属10种。文中描述其中比较典型的海绵动物化石5属5种:赫兹海绵未定种Hintzespongia sp.,杯形对角海绵Diagoniella cyathiformis(Dawson,1889),密集鬃毛状海绵Saeta-spongia densa Mehl and Reitner in Steineret al.,1993,大坪三岔五射海绵Sanshapentella dapingi Mehl and Erdt-mann,1994和羽状光芒海绵Solactiniella plumata Mehl and Reitner in Steineret al.,1993。在这套整体缺氧的黑色泥页岩中有如此多而完整的海绵动物化石的保存,可能是由于上涌洋流、水流或海平面的变化等导致短暂的充氧事件,加上多幕次的热水沉积,提供大量食料,从而利于需氧量相对较低的原始后生动物--海绵动物的大量繁盛。Abundant well-preserved sponge fossils have been recently recovered from the black shales of the Niutitang Formation （Cambrian Series 2） at Nangao,Danzhai County,Guizhou Province.Some of these sponge fossils are described here,including five genera,four species and one uncertain species as listed below：Hintzespongia sp.,Diagoniella cyathiformis （Dawson,1889）,Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner in Steiner et al.,1993,Sanshapentella dapingi Mehl and Erdtmann,1994 and Solactiniella plumata Mehl and Reitner in Steiner et al.,1993.In addition,we proposed here that abundant sponges from the organic rich black shales may be due to upwelling of seawater,occasional currents or sea level changes which have brought free oxygen to the anoxic/euxinic bottom water column,and occasional activities of hydrothermal vents which provided a large number of food to allow the thriving growth of the sponges on the sea floor.

关 键 词：海绵动物 黑色页岩 牛蹄塘组 寒武系 贵州 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]