无土栽培基质重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价  

Evaluation on heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risks for soilless culture medium

作　　者：童贯和[1] 王云[1] 罗勋[1] 刘天骄[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院生命科学系,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2010年第9期1559-1565,共7页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(20877032);安徽高校省级自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2009A115)

摘　　要：以淮南3个不同开采历史矿区的煤矸石为原料,分别与油菜秸杆等废弃资源按体积比(煤矸石:油菜秸杆)为2:8、3:7、4:6、5:5和6:4的比例,配制成3组(每组5个处理)蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培混合基质,采用尼梅罗综合污染指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险进行综合评价。结果表明:混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险程度随煤矸石所占比重的增加而稍有增加,以国家土壤环境质量一级标准为参比的综合评价结果为优良、安全或轻度污染,基本满足绿色蔬菜生产要求。在混合基质中,Cd和Hg是主要的重金属污染及潜在生态风险因子,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和As的污染能力较小。3组混合基质中,相同处理的重金属污染及潜在生态风险大小为:废矿>新矿>老矿。另外,在评价由煤矸石为原料组成的混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险时,应选择国家土壤环境质量一级标准作为参比值,且煤矸石在混合基质中所占的体积比不应超过1/2。Coal gangue of 3 coal-mining areas in different mining history was taken as materials.Three types（five treatments for each type） of organic ecotype soilless culture media,containing coal gangue and rape stalk with the volume ratios of 2：8,3：7,4：6,5：5 and 6：4,respectively,were prepared for vegetable cultivation.An integrated evaluation on heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risks was presented using Nemerow Pollution Indices and Hakanson Indices,respectively.The results show that the media exhibited higher levels of heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risks according to higher proportions of coal gangue.These media are evaluated as quality,safe or mild contamination according to the National Soil Environment First-level Quality Standards,and meet the standards for green food vegetables production.Cd and Hg are the main heavy metals contaminants and potential ecological risk factors in the compound media,while Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn and As have less pollution potentials.The degrees of heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risks under the same treatment of the three types of media are：abandoned mine new mine old mine.Additionally,the National Soil Environment First-level Quality Standards should be adopted as the control in evaluating the overall heavy metals contamination and potential ecological risks of compound media with coal gangue as materials,and the volume ratios of coal gangue in the compound media should be less than half of the total volumes.

关 键 词：煤矸石 无土栽培基质 重金属污染 潜在生态风险 油菜秸杆 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]