超空泡形态及其流动特性的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of supercavity profile and flow characteristics

作　　者：孟庆昌[1] 张志宏[1] 刘巨斌[1] 顾建农[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学,武汉430033

出　　处：《应用力学学报》2010年第3期476-480,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10772196);国防基础科研项目(A2720060294);海军工程大学科学研究基金

摘　　要：对圆盘空化器分别采用CFD、"1/3法则"和空泡截面独立扩展原理三种不同方法数值模拟了水下航行体定常自然超空泡外形及其流动特性。应用CFD方法基于粘性多相流的空泡捕捉法,采用六面体网格,选择Singhal空化模型和SST湍流模式,数值求解均质超空泡流场RANS方程。研究表明:泡形态时变特性是一种行之有效的工程估算方法,应用空泡截面独立扩展原理其计算结果与CFD方法吻合较好,说明了CFD方法用于超空泡流动仿真计算的可行性和独立性原理快速估算超空泡形态的准确性;同时超空泡外形主要与头部空化器有关,空泡长度会由于航行体本身存在变长;可优先选择空泡截面独立扩展原理对水下航行体超空泡外形进行快速估算。The supercavity shape and flow characteristics for underwater vehicle are numerically simulated respectively by three different methods: the CFD, the '1/3 law' and the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion. The interface-capturing method based on viscous multiphase flow is the main method, which is used to numerically simulate the elaborate configuration of supercavitating flow. The Reynold-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation in homogeneous flow field is solved based on the hexahedral grid, the Singhal cavitation model and SST turbulence mode. The principle of independence of the cavity sections expansion is an effective engineering estimating technique for computing time variant characteristics of supercavity shape with results being in good agreement with CFD results. The feasibility of CFD method and the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion used for fast evaluating supercavity shape are illustrated. It is indicated that the supercavity shape is mainly related to the cavitator, and the length of cavity increases if the whole underwater vehicle is considered. There is little error with '1/3 law', and the principle of independence of cavity sections expansion is recommended.

关 键 词：超空泡流动 水下航行体 计算流体力学 空泡截面独立扩展原理 “1/3法则” 

分 类 号：O359[理学—流体力学]