中国农村学校布局调整标准问题探讨  

Investigation on the Standards of Rural School Closures and Consolidations in China

作　　者：邬志辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学农村教育研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第5期140-149,共10页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(07JZD0031);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(07JJD880229)

摘　　要：农村学校布局调整标准是推进农村学校布局调整、促进农村学校布局调整科学化、合理化和规范化的核心政策问题。然而,现实的国家政策标准模糊不清,引发了农村各地盲目的撤并风潮;学术研究提出的布局标准又过于理性和静态,难以指导复杂的农村实际;县市教育行政部门自行开发的布局调整标准过于重视客观效果,忽视了农民的利益诉求。建立农村学校布局调整标准问题实质上是一个多目标线性规划问题,目标函数至少受三大类12项约束条件的限制:物质性约束条件包括自然地理条件和交通条件;社会性约束条件包括人口条件,宗族、民族、宗教文化条件,社会治安条件,家庭生存形态条件,地方政府资金供给条件和百姓教育意愿条件;教育性约束条件包括学生身心发展条件,学校与农村社区关系条件,学校自身历史文化条件和学校功能发挥条件。基于以上约束条件理论,提出"底线+弹性"的农村学校布局调整标准设计模型。To establish the standards of rural school closures and consolidations is a key policy issue to promoting rural school closures and consolidations in scientific,reasonable and standard ways.However,ambiguous national standards cause a blind rural school consolidation movement nationwide,and over-reasonal and static standards from academic circle are difficult to direct complex rural reality,and over-results-oriented standards developed by county administrative departments neglect farmer＇s interests.The author believes that it is a multi-objective linear programming problem for establishing rural school closure and consolidation standards,the objective functions are restricted by 12 constraints which belong to 3 categories,that is physical constraints including natural and geographical conditions and traffic conditions;social constraints including population conditions,clan,ethnic and religious conditions,social security conditions,family＇s survival forms conditions,local government funding conditions and farmers＇ wishes conditions;educational constraints including students＇ physical and mental development conditions,relationship conditions between rural schools and rural communities,school＇s historical and cultural conditions and school functioning conditions.Based on above constraints＇ theory,the author put forward a new standard model for rural school closures and consolidations,that is ＂bottom line ＋ flexibility＂.

关 键 词：布局调整 农村学校 标准 底线+弹性 

分 类 号：G52[文化科学—教育学]