中国0～3岁308名听障儿童和473名健听儿童精神发育比较研究  

A comparative study on the mental development of 308 hearing-impaired children and 473 normal-hearing children 0-3 years old

作　　者：曲成毅[1] 孙喜斌[2] 朱芳[1] 闫艳军 郭翠瑛 邹建华 于辉瑶 刘霞 王淑萍[8] 韦柳军 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,太原030001 [2]中国聋儿康复研究中心,北京100029 [3]河南省康复教育研究中心,郑州450002 [4]吉林省聋儿康复中心,长春130062 [5]广东省聋儿康复中心,广州510055 [6]陕西省聋儿康复中心,西安710016 [7]四川省聋儿康复中心,成都610081 [8]甘肃省康复中心,兰州730000 [9]广西壮族自治区聋儿康复中心,南宁530023

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2010年第5期15-18,共4页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划《聋儿认知规律与康复技术规范化的研究》（项目编号：2008BA150801）;国家社科基金重大项目《中国残疾预防对策研究》（项目编号：09＆ZD072）

摘　　要：目的探索听障儿童精神发育规律及特点，为科学制订听障儿童康复策略及措施提供理论依据。方法采用格雷菲斯（Griffith）精神发育量表中运动、手眼协调、操作3个分测验对25个省308名0～3岁听障儿童进行精神发育评估，采用相同方法对14省473名0～3岁健听儿童进行测查，常模参照1995年修订标准，采用发育商=（发育年龄／实际年龄）×100表述精神发育水平，用成组比较啦验进行对比分析。结果①308名0～3岁听障儿童平均发育商为102．46±11．16，运动维度发育商为105．92±15．72、手眼协调维度发育商为100．84±11．99、操作维度发育商为101．02±14．29。473名健听儿童平均发育商为110．09±19．67，运动维度发育商为115．40±12．25、手眼协调维度发育商为108．84±23．34、操作维度发育商为106．03±21．98。听障儿童与健听儿童相比，总发育商低约8（t=-9．985，P=0．000）、运动维度低约10（f=-6．024，P=0．000）、手眼协调维度低约8（t=-5．825，P=0．000）、操作维度低约5（t=-3．603，P=0，000），差别均有统计学意义；②出生后到6个月，听障儿童与健听儿童精神发育无任何差别，从12个月龄开始，听障儿童精神发育逐渐落后于健听儿童，36个月龄时，落后近2个月龄；③无论听障儿童或健听儿童，不同性别发育商差别均无统计学意义。结论0～3岁听障儿童与健听儿童精神发育有一定差距，随年龄增加，差距逐渐明显。早期发现听力障碍，及时给予听力补偿或听力重建，优化听障儿童早期生活环境，提早进入科学规范的康复训练和教育程序，能为缩小听障儿童和健听儿童的智力差距打下良好基础。Objective To explore the disciplines and characteristics of mental development of hearing-impaired children and to provide the theoretical basis for the formulation of rehabilitation strategies and measures. Methods The locomotor, hand-eye coordination and performance tests in Griffith Mental Development Scale were used to investigate the mental development of 308 hearing-impaired children from 25 provinces and 473 normal-hearing children from 14 provinces aged 0-3 years old. The norm referred to the revised standards in 1995 and the formula （DQ （development quotient） = （developmental age / actual age） ＊ 100） was used to evaluate the mental development. The group t-test was applied to compare and analyze the differences between hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children. Results （1）The survey showed that the average total DQ of 308 hearing-impaired children was 102.46±11.16, the locomotor DQ 105.92±15.72, the hand-eye coordination DQ 100.84±11.99 and the performance DQ 101.02±14.29. The average total DQ of 473 normal-hearing children was 110.09±19.67, the locomotor DQ 115.40±12.25, the hand-eye coordination DQ 108.84 ±23.34 and the performance DQ 106.03±21.98. The total DQ, locomotor DQ, hand-eye coordination DQ, performance DQ of hearing-impaired children were about 8 points（t=-9.985,P=0.000）,10 points（t=-6.024,P=0.000）, 8 points（t=-5.825,P=0.000）, 5 points（t=-3.603,P=0.000）lower than those of normal-hearing children, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups. （2）From birth to 6 months, there was no difference in mental development between hearing-impaired and normalhearing children. From 12 months of age, the mental development of hearing-impaired children fell behind normal-hearing children gradually. To 36 months of age, the mental development of hearing-impaired children was nearly two months behind. ~For both hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children, there was no significant difference in mental development between different g

关 键 词：发育商 Griffith精神发育量表 听障儿童 健听儿童 现况研究 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]