菠菜硝酸盐含量符合安全生产的氮肥用量研究  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate content of spinach under the production safety standard

作　　者：罗涛[1] 王煌平[1] 张青[1] 何盈[1] 蔡开地 张晓玲 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省莆田市荔城区土壤肥料技术站,福建莆田351131 [3]福建省农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第5期1282-1287,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD89B13);福建省财政专项-福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金(STIF-Y01)资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验在灰埭田和灰沙泥田两种土壤类型上研究了不同氮素水平对菠菜生长的影响,分析了土壤硝态氮的变化及氮肥用量与菜体硝酸盐含量、菠菜产量的关系,采用非线性的带约束条件优化法进行搜索求解,确定菠菜体内硝酸盐含量在符合安全生产标准条件下,菠菜最高产量的适宜氮肥用量。结果表明:两种土壤类型硝态氮含量均随氮肥用量的增加而提高,且随着时间推移,硝态氮含量下降,尤其是在灰沙泥田上。菠菜硝酸盐含量和产量也均随氮肥用量的增加而增加,前者呈直线关系(y灰埭田=3.6813+5.6869x和y灰沙泥田=11.6640+7.7001x),而后者呈二次曲线关系(y灰埭田=10.0710+0.122x-0.0002x2和y灰沙泥田=11.8480+0.1664x-0.0003x2)。用非线性规划的带约束条件优化法,以氮肥用量与菠菜硝酸盐含量关系模型为约束条件,氮肥用量与菠菜产量关系模型为目标函数搜索求解,得出灰埭田和灰沙泥田种植菠菜的菜体硝酸盐含量在符合无公害蔬菜生产安全的条件下,菠菜产量最高时的氮肥用量分别为210.30和154.35 kg/hm2,且灰沙泥田的投入产出比优于灰埭田。The field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of N application rates on spinach under two soil types,the grey sandy mud soil and coastal saline soil,and to analyze the dynamics changes of soil NO3^--N and the relationship between the N rates,vegetable nitrate content and yield of spinach.The nonlinear planning optimization method with constraints was used to determine the appropriate amount of N with the highest yield of spinach under the condition which the NO3^--N content of spinach should meet the safe production standard.The results show that the soil NO3^--N contents are increased with the increase of N application rates,and the contents are decreased with time during the growing period of spinach,especially in the grey sandy mud soil.There are linear correlations between the contents of vegetable nitrate and the N application rates,while there are quadratic correlations between the yields of spinach and the N rates.Using the relationship of the N rates and vegetable nitrate as constraint condition,and the N rates and yields of spinach as objective function,the results of the nonlinear optimization method with constraints indicate that the nitrogen fertilizer application rates for the maximum vegetable yields along with vegetable nitrate fitted pollution-free vegetable production are 154.35 and 210.30 kg/ha in coastal saline soil and grey sandy mud soil respectively.

关 键 词：蔬菜硝酸盐 安全氮肥用量 非线性规划 带约束条件优化法 菠菜 

分 类 号：S636.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S147.2[农业科学—园艺学]