哈尔滨市2～6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的现况调查  

Survey on autistic spectrum disorders in 2 to 6 years old children in Harbin city

作　　者：于聪[1] 夏薇[1] 孙彩虹[1] 周艳娟[1] 刘丽 李佳 周雪[1] 武丽杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]哈尔滨市妇幼保健院,黑龙江哈尔滨150026

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2010年第10期750-753,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家自然科学基金课题(30771817)

摘　　要：【目的】了解哈尔滨市2-6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍（autistic spectrum disorder,ASD）的发病现况及分布特征。【方法】采用分层整群的抽样方法,在哈尔滨市抽取南岗区、道里区、道外区、平房区、香坊区、松北区71所托幼机构和南岗区、道外区、平房区的8个社区和呼兰区10个行政村共7 059名2-6岁的儿童进行横断面调查。用克氏孤独症行为量表（CABRS）进行ASD的筛查。将CABRS评定总分≥7分定为ASD的高风险。随后对筛查高风险的儿童进行电话随访,进一步确定可疑患者,对电话随访后的仍可疑患者进行医生的面对面访谈,进行诊断。【结果】在所调查的7 059名2-6岁儿童中,有115名儿童有ASD的高风险,筛查阳性率为1.63%;确诊为ASD的儿童为16例,除1例为PDD-NOS外,其余均为典型孤独症患儿,总患病率为2.27‰,平均年龄为（4.39±1.51）岁,男14例（3.84‰）,女2例（0.59‰）,男女比例为7.0∶1;城市15例（2.65‰）,农村1例（0.72‰）。孤独症行为量表结果显示所有ASD儿童的测试结果均大于国内的筛查界限分。0-6岁儿童神经心理发育测试结果显示患儿的发育商主要集中在轻度落后水平。【结论】哈尔滨市ASD的患病率,高于国内其他地区,男女比例差异显著。应加强ASD的知识宣传和教育,提高家长对此病的认识,加强儿童健康管理服务及儿童心理行为发育筛查,做到早发现、早诊断,早治疗,改善患儿生存质量,减轻患儿家长和全社会的负担。【Objective】 To know of the prevalence and distribution of autistic spectrum disorders（ASD） of 2-6 years old children in Harbin city. 【Methods】 Across-sectional study was conducted with 7 059 children aged from 2 to 6 years at 71 kindergartens,8 communities and 10 villages which were selected from 7 districts in Harbin City by stratified cluster sampling.The Clancy Autism Behavior Scale（CABRS） was used for screening ASD children and the children with the score ≥7 points were identified as suspected cases.Then,telephone follow-up was made for further diagnosis and face to face interview was made by doctors for final diagnosis. 【Results】 115 children were identified as suspected ASD through screening,and screening positive rate was 1.63%.16 children of them were diagnosed as ASD,in which all cases were diagnosed as Autism,except for one case diagnosed as PDD-NOS.The prevalence of ASD was 2.27‰.with the mean age of（4.39±1.51） years.14 cases（3.84‰） were male,2 cases（0.59‰） were female,the male-to-female ratio was 7.0∶1,and 15 cases（2.65%） were from urban areas and 1 case（0.72‰） was from rural areas.The results of Autism Behavior Checklist（ABC） showed that the scores of all ASD children were more than domestic screening threshold scores.The results of Children Neuropsychological Development Scales showed that developmental quotient of ASD children were mild retardation levels. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of ASD is 2.27‰ in Harbin city which was higher than that of other cities.There is a significant difference in male-female ratio.Publicity and education of ASD knowledge should be made to improve the awareness of parents.Health service and psychology and behavior development screening of children should be advanced.Early screening,early diagnosis and early treatment should be made to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of families and society.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 孤独症 儿童 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]