大垄宽窄行免耕种植对土壤水分和玉米产量的影响  

Effects of wide-ridge and narrow-row no-till cultivation on soil water and maize yield

作　　者：王庆杰[1] 李洪文[1] 何进[1] 李问盈[1] 刘安东 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]辽宁省农业机械化技术推广站,沈阳110034

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第8期39-43,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD28B04);中国农业大学科研启动基金资助项目(2009JS17)

摘　　要：为了解决东北玉米小垄原垄免耕播种机具易掉入垄沟的问题,发挥宽窄行优势,加强农机农艺结合,该文提出了大垄宽窄行错茬免耕播种的作业思路。于2007-2009年在辽宁省苏家屯区垄作保护性耕作建立试验区,研究了大垄宽窄行免耕种植对土壤体积质量、土壤含水率、作物生长及水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:大垄宽窄行免耕种植模式能够改善土壤结构,增加土壤蓄水保水能力,其中在出苗期提高土壤水分9.39%～11.03%;与均行小垄免耕种植模式相比,大垄宽窄行免耕种植模式改善了玉米群体结构,促进了个体发育,增加了叶面积指数和干物质积累,作物产量提高了6.70%～9.49%,土壤水分利用效率提高了4.96%～8.56%,是东北地区一种较为理想的保护性耕作模式。To resolve the problems faced while no-till seeding on the original ridge and to avoid instability of planter,the furrow was covered by soil to form wide-ridge.The field experiment was conducted at Sujiatun in Liaoning Province in 2007-2009,and the effects of wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till cultivation on soil bulk density,soil water content, maize growth and water use efficiency were also studied.The results indicated that wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till seeding could increase the capacity of water storage and water content by 9.39%-11.03%in the seeding stage.Compared with average ridge row,the population structure was improved effectively under wide-ridge with wide-narrow row no-till cultivation.From the study it was also found that the growth of individual plants was better,dry matter accumulation and LAI were enhanced.The yield was increased by 6.70%-9.49%,and the soil water use efficiency was improved by 4.96%-8.56%.It was a perfect planting mode for conservation tillage in the northeast of China.

关 键 词：保护性 耕作 土壤含水率 垄作 大垄 宽窄行 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]