拉萨河流域湿地生态系统服务功能价值变化  

Changes of Wetland Ecosystem Service Value in the Lhasa River Basin of Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：王春连[1,2] 张镱锂[1] 王兆锋[1] 摆万奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第10期2038-2044,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2005CB422000);国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2007BAC06B03)

摘　　要：基于三期遥感影像解译数据和地理信息系统空间分析方法研究了拉萨河流域湿地30年(1976年-2006年)的动态变化过程,并评价分析了湿地生态系统服务功能的价值变化。研究结果表明:30年来拉萨河流域湿地总面积减少了2.02×104hm2,达8.8%,其中水域、高寒草甸以及沼泽湿地呈减少趋势,森林湿地和滩地呈增加趋势;湿地生态服务功能总价值损失41.20×108元,年均损失1.37×108元,以气体交换功能价值损失量最大。生态价值的损失主要是由对环境调节起主要作用的水域、草甸和沼泽湿地的减少造成的。In the context of global changes and human activities,study of changes in the alpine wetland system is becoming increasingly important,particularly in alpine wetland ecosystems. The Lhasa river basin is a political,economic,and cultural center in Tibet,with most swamped meadow and pasture of important value. The wetland ecosystems generally include water field,swamped meadow,grass marshes,shrub wetland,forest wetland and beach wetland. On the basis of GIS techniques and valuation of ecosystem services methods,dynamic changes in wetlands,and gains and losses of ecosystem service value were examined in detail in this work using three senses of remote sensing images. Three types of wetland database for assessment of the ecological value were built by visual interpretation. Wetland ecosystem services valuation methods were based primarily on market value,carbon tax,alternative cost method,the shadow price method and other environmental and economic methods. Results indicated that from 1976 to 2006,the total area of wetlands maintained decreasing from 230×103 hm2 to 209×103 hm2,an 8.8% reduction. For the two periods 1976-1988 and 1988-2006,the reduction in wetlands accounted for 3.7% and 5.2% of the total reduction,respectively. Water field,swamped meadow and grass marshes were found to progressively reduce,while forest wetland and beach wetland gradually increased. The shrinking ratios of marsh wetlands were relatively higher and the reduction amount of the area of swampy meadow was the largest. During the study period,the total value of wetland ecosystem service functions gradually decreased by 4.12 billion Yuan. In particular,for the first and second periods under investigation,the reduction ratio of the value per year was calculated as 0.39% and 0.36%,respectively. The value of ecosystem services for open water,alpine meadow and grass marshes incrementally reduced. However,the value of shrub wetlands seemed to be no change. The value of forest wetland and beach wetland gradually increased. The biggest loss in va

关 键 词：拉萨河流域 高寒湿地 动态变化 生态服务功能 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]