海绵窦的断层解剖及其临床意义  

The sectional anatomy and clinical significance of the cavernous sinus

作　　者：左国平[1,2] 柏根基[1,2] 王鹤鸣 韩群颖[1,2] 姜平[1,2] 童鑫康 方实邦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学解剖学教研室 [2]镇江医学院解剖学教研室

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》1999年第2期112-114,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

摘　　要：目的：为海绵窦的影像学诊断和外科学治疗提供解剖学依据。方法：利用头颅连续断层标本，观察海绵窦在各断面上的位置、大小、形态、内部结构和毗邻。结果：海绵窦平均长２１．１±３．２ｍｍ，宽８．７±０．７ｍｍ，外侧壁高１４．７±３．３ｍｍ，内侧壁高１６．４±１．３ｍｍ。颈内动脉和展神经位于海绵窦壁内，脑神经Ⅲ～Ⅴ位于海绵窦外侧壁内，这些神经与颈内动脉之间有恒定的位置关系。在颈内动脉的内侧、下方及外下方可出现静脉间隙，出现率分别为６９％、４３％和１００％。海绵窦外侧壁硬脑膜可分为浅、深两层；浅层为形成颅中窝内侧壁的硬脑膜，深层构成脑神经Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ１和Ⅶ２的鞘及鞘之间的网状膜。Objective: To provide anatomy data for imaging diagnosis and microsurgical treatment of the cavernous sinus lesions.Methods:The location, size,shape and surrounding of the cavernous sinus were investigated on cross,coronal and sagittal sections using 20 sets of sections of Chinese adult cadavers.Results:The length and width of cavernous sinus were 21.1±3.2 mm and 8.7±0.7 mm respectively.The height of lateral and medial wall were 14.7±3.3 mm and 16.4±1.3 mm respectively.The carotid artery and the Ⅵ cranial nerve were located in the cavernous sinus,the Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ cranial nerves were in its lateral wall.These nerves kept a constant relationship to the carotid artery.The venous space to the medial,inferior and inferolateral of cavernous carotid artery could be found in 69%,43% and 100% sections respectively.The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus consisted of two layers,the superficial dural layer and a deep layer.The former forms the medial wall of the middle cranial fossa, and the latter constituted the sheaths of cranial nerves Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅶas well as a reticular membrane between the sheaths.Conclusions:The knowledge on the caverrnous venous spaces and meningeal structures of lateral wall of the cavernous sinus may be valuable for the understanding of imaging and microsurgical dissection of the cavernous sinus lesion.

关 键 词：海绵窦 脑神经 断层解剖 

分 类 号：R322.81[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]