重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Heavy Metal Combined Pollution on Soil Microbial Indicators and Soil Enzymatic Activity

作　　者：韩桂琪[1] 王彬[1] 徐卫红[1] 陈贵青[1] 王慧先[1] 张海波[1] 张晓璟[1] 熊治庭[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]武汉大学资源环境学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第5期238-242,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20477032);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B10);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-35-gw16)

摘　　要：通过野外土样采集及室内测定,研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,并采用盆栽试验研究了重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,距离矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效N、P、K的含量、土壤pH值亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量C和N受到的抑制程度也增强,其中土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。盆栽试验中,Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染使白菜(Brassica rapapekinensis)生物量明显下降,且随复合污染程度的增加,白菜生物量下降幅度增加。Cd与Zn、Cu、Pb,Zn与Cd、Cu、Pb,Cu与Cd、Zn、Pb的复合效应机制为协同效应,而Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu的复合效应机制为拮抗效应。重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性显著降低,但低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量C和N。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量及微生物生物量C和N的复合效应机制表现出协同和拮抗效应。Soil microbial indicators and soil enzymatic activity in Dongchuan copper mining wasteland of Yunnan province were comparatively studied by field collection and analysis in the laboratory,and pot experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of heavy metal combined pollution by cadmium,copper,zinc and lead on soil microbial indicators and soil enzymatic activity.The results indicated that soil organic matter,soil available N,P and K,soil pH significantly decreased with decreasing of the distance to mine,and inhibition of heavy metal combined pollution on soil enzymatic activity,microbial quantity,microbial biomass C and N with decreasing of the distance to mine.Moreover,the activities of soil phosphatase and catalase,number of soil bacteria were more sensitive to the level of heavy metal pollution compared to other indicators.Biomass of Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa pekinensis） and soil enzymatic activity obviously decreased with increasing of heavy metal combined pollution degree,while soil microbial quantity,microbial biomass C and N were increased at low heavy metal combined pollution.There are synergistic and antagonistic effects among Cd,Zn,Cu and Pb in biomass of Chinese cabbage,soil enzymatic activity,soil microbial quantity,soil microbial biomass C and N.

关 键 词：复合污染 土壤微生物 土壤酶 白菜 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]