新伦理与旧角色:五四新女性身份认同的困境  

New Ethics and Old Roles:The Identity Dilemma of New Women in the May Fourth Movement

作　　者：杨联芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,教授文学博士北京100875

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2010年第5期206-219,共14页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：教育部2007年度一般项目"20世纪中国文学关于革命与女权的叙述"阶段性成果;项目编号07JA751032

摘　　要：五四新女性是在学校这一现代教育平台由新文化启蒙话语塑造而成,她们的意识形态认同来自新文化,是以个人主义为核心的正义伦理;而她们的性别认同及相应的关怀伦理,却使其对"旧道德"下的女性同类有更多同情。为实现个人权利、维护神圣恋爱,她们"忽略"名分、委屈尊严,在新旧道德的模糊地带与有妇之夫结成特殊婚姻。而非正常婚姻关系的缺憾,爱情中隐含的性别等级,个人自由与关怀伦理的对立与冲突等,都导致她们陷入认同危机。新女性身份认同的困境,体现了"五四"正义伦理的道德局限,而五四文学表达的某种匮乏,亦源自这个局限。The new women of the May Fourth Movement were molded by the enlightenment discourse of the new culture at the modern education platform of the university.Their ideological identity,resulting from the new culture,was the individualism-centered ethics of justice.Their gender identity and the corresponding ethics of care,however,stirred their sympathy for other women shackled by the 'old ethics.' Thus new women were seized by an identity crisis.For love's utopia,they would even 'overlook' their social status and sacrifice their dignity to enter into special marriages with married men at the ambiguous interface of the old and the new ethics.The flaws of an abnormal marriage,the hardships of a career woman and the petty worries of a housewife constituted a real life that was very distant from their dreams at university.The identity dilemma of the new women reflects the moral limits of the justice ethics of the May Fourth movement.These limits also account for a kind of deficiency in the expression of May Fourth literature.

关 键 词：五四文学 新女性 身份认同 正义伦理 关怀伦理 

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