基于移民调查的三峡库首地区人口、耕地资源及生态环境状况分析  

Variation of Population,Arable Land Resources and Ecological Environment in the Area of the Head Part of the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on Migration Investigation

作　　者：马力[1] 夏立忠[1] 李运东[1] 杨林章[1] 吴电明[1,2] 程训强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2010年第5期419-425,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-08-01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121108)

摘　　要：对三峡库首地区秭归、兴山、巴东等县人口、耕地资源和农业生产力状况进行了统计,并选择库区典型乡镇移民户作为调查对象,点面结合地分析了移民安置对三峡库首地区人口、耕地资源和生态环境状况的影响。结果表明,移民搬迁过程中,库首地区各县乡镇总人口降低,蓄水影响到的移民户基本都得到了妥善安置,农村劳动力资源未明显下降;三峡工程蓄水后,库首地区低海拔区域的耕地被淹没,农村可用耕地总量减少,人地资源矛盾比较突出;在耕地总量和人均耕地面积降低情况下,秭归县粮食、柑橘和蔬菜种植面积和产量仍稳步提高,库区农业生产保持稳步发展;移民搬迁以后,库首地区农村的居住环境、住宅条件、生活条件和交通条件均较移民前有明显改善,农户普遍评价较好,淹水对农村生态环境状况有一定影响,存在自然灾害和病虫害增多、农村废弃物处理设施不足等问题,库区生态环境问题应引起政府的足够重视。It is a general concern that how the ecological environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir area is protected.Based on the statistics of the population,labor resources and arable land resources of Zigui,Xingshan and Badong Counties,and the investigations of migrant households typical of the area of the head part of the Three Gorges Reservoir,effects of the resettlement of migrants on population,labor resources,farmland resources and ecological environment were analyzed.It was found that the total population of the counties and towns involved was reduced and all the affected migrant households were properly resettled,but the labor resources were not much affected;when the project was completed and began its water storage,farmlands low in elevation were flooded,cutting down the total area of arable lands in that region,thus making the conflict between the land resources and the labor resources more prominent.However,even though both the total and the per-capita area of arable land decreased,the cultivated areas and yield of grain,citrus and vegetables in Zigui County were steadily increased and so was the agricultural production of the reservoir region;after the migration was completed,the living environment,housing,living and transport conditions in the region were significantly improved,but the water storage had some adverse effects on the rural ecological environment in the region,for instance,more natural disasters,plant diseases and insect pests.Besides,the rural area still lacks facilities for waste treatment.The local government should pay enough attention to the resolving of eco-environment problems.

关 键 词：移民安置 三峡 库首地区 人口 耕地资源 生态环境 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] D632.4[政治法律—政治学]