313名女护士工作倦怠及其影响因素分析  

Job Burnout and Its Influencing Factors in Nursing:An analysis of 313 female nurses

作　　者：常青[1] 李思[1] 刘秋秋[1] 廖春花[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅一医院手术室,湖南省长沙市410008

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2010年第28期3208-3210,3213,共4页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：目的了解女护士工作倦怠程度及其影响因素。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,抽取3所医院313名女护士,调查工具为一般情况调查表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和马氏倦怠问卷(MB I)。结果在情感枯竭(EE)维度有59.1%的女护士表现出中高度疲溃感,去人格化(DP)维度为33.5%,个人成就感(PA)维度达71.2%。手术室和普通病房女护士之间在EE、DP和PA三个分量表计分的差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术室女护士在EE和DP两个维度上中高度疲溃感比例均低于普通病房女护士,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。社会支持量表客观支持分、主观支持分、支持利用度和社会支持总分与EE分量表计分均呈负相关,社会支持各项计分与PA分量表计分呈正相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析结果,影响EE的主要因素是对职业不满意;影响DP的主要因素是工作岗位为病房、护师及以上技术职称和对职业不满意;影响PA的主要因素是客观支持分、社会支持利用度和对职业不满意。结论女护士在情感枯竭、去人格化和个人成就感3个维度均有较高程度的工作倦怠,手术室女护士在情感枯竭和去人格化的疲溃感低于普通病房女护士,工作岗位、职业满意度、职称和社会支持对女护士工作倦怠有一定影响。Objective To investigate job burnout and its influencing factors in female nurses.Methods Totally 313 female nurses recruited from 3 hospitals by simple random sampling.Questionnaire survey was conducted among them by using general register form,social support rating scale（SSRS） and Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI）.Results The proportion of female nurse exhibited high burnout on Emotion Exhaustion（EE）,Depersonalization（DP） and Personal Accomplishment（PA） were 59.1%,33.5% and 71.2% respectively.There were significant differences（P0.05） in EE,DP and PA between nurses in operating room and in general wards.The proportions of middle to high burnout of nurses in operating room on EE and DP were lower than those of nurses in general wards（P0.05）.The objective,subjective,total support scores and supporting utilization of SSRS were negatively correlated with EE score,but positively correlated with PA score（P0.05）.Results of logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the major influencing factor of EE was unsatisfactoriness of the occupation;the major influencing factors of DP were the ward work,professional position and unsatisfactoriness of the occupation;and the major influencing factors of PA were objective support score,supporting utilization,and unsatisfactoriness of the occupation.Conclusion Higher job burnout was occurred on EE,DP and PA in female nurses.Burnout on EE and DP of nurses in operating room were lower than that of nurses in general wards.Occupational position,job satisfaction,professional position,and social support were influenced job burnout in female nurses.

关 键 词：女护士 工作倦怠 社会支持 职业满意度 现况调查 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]