“～边、～面、～头”类方位词产生原因探析  

The Cause of Formation to ＂- Bian（边）＂ ＂- Mian（面）＂ ＂- Tou（头）＂ of Direction Words

作　　者：林晓恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,北京100081

出　　处：《语言研究》2010年第4期67-70,共4页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：中央民族大学2009-2010年度自主科研项目"汉语基本方位词系统演变研究"(0910KYQN36)

摘　　要："～边"、"～面"、"～头"类方位词的产生与单音方位词的语义演变有关。当单音方位词的空间实指义变得抽象和虚灵,它们的表义也越来越依赖于别的成分,后附性越来越强。方位词的语义自足性不断降低,引起形式上新因素的加入和补充,产生了复合方位词尤其是后加"边"、"面"、"头"类方位词,最终导致了汉语方位词形式系统单双音节两分的局面。这两种形式方位词的不同语义特点也是后来发展演变的基础,单音节方位词逐渐走向虚词性或词法平面,而双音节方位词则具有更多的实词性,更为自由地出现在句子中。＂- Bian（边） ＂- Mian（面） ＂- Tou（头）＂ of direction words have relationship with the semantic change of the monosyllabic direction words. On the whole, the monosyllabic orientation words, which the original space referential meaning are leading to abstract and weakening Meaning and changing from space meaning to more other meanings. Accordingly, the meaning is more dependent on other elements and with further post attachment features. The evolution of the semantic in direction words have caused gradual decrease on the self-adequacy, and thus inserted some new elements, leading to the production of the compound direction words especially such directions followed by Bian（边） Mian（面） Tou（头）. Apparently, the evolution have generated the situation of the separation of monosyllabic form and disyllabic form, and thus generated the form system of direction words. The totally different paralleling dual system is the basis of the later evolution. The monosyllabic and disyllabic direction words has gradually come into the weakened meaning or morpheme, while disyllabic direction words has more substantive nature, with more freedom in the sentences.

关 键 词：“~边” “~面” “~头”类方位词 语义演变 语义自足性 分化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]