土地回报与资本流动——从善堂投资模式看清末南京城乡经济关系变迁  

Profit of Lands and the Flow of Capital:The Transformation of Rural-Urban Economic Relationship as Reflected in the Investment of Late Qing Nanjing Charity Houses

作　　者：罗晓翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第5期38-47,共10页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：明清时期,土地是城乡经济关系中的一个重要环节。在传统的经济模式下,城居地主在周边农村置买土地收取地租,而佃农则从城居地主处获得种子、耕具甚至农房沟渠维修等费用,有利于农业生产的稳定。太平天国战争后,这种经济关系逐渐变化。从善堂对农村土地的经营方式、城市与农村土地投资回报的差异,以及地方政府对金融业的干预度,可以揭示城乡经济关系变迁的原因。与农村土地相比,城内土地、市房以及金融业成为善堂资本流动的主要方向。During the Ming-Qing period,land was a crucial element in the rural-urban economic relationship.Traditionally,the absentee landlords accumulated lands in the hinterland and lived by land rent,while the tenant farmers got financial support from the landlords for seeds,tools,and maintenance of sheds and irrigation ditches.Such a relationship was helpful for local agricultural production.After the Taiping rebellion,however,such a relationship gradually transformed.Based on the documents of Nanjing charity houses,this essay analyzes the way these organizations maneuvered their investment strategies,the different yields of agrarian lands and urban real estates,as well as the government interference towards the financial business in the post-Taiping era,and then shows the major reasons of the transformation of rural-urban economic relationship.It argues that comparing with agrarian lands,urban real estates and financial business became the major investment channels for charity houses.

关 键 词：清朝末期 南京 城乡经济关系 善堂 投资方向 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学] F129.52[历史地理—中国史]