西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究  

An investigation of nutrition components and types in Tibet main crop straws and pastures

作　　者：秦彧[1] 李晓忠 姜文清[1] 田发益[3] 周志宇[1] 王楠[1] 王桃[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]西藏自治区农业科学院,西藏拉萨850000 [3]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第5期122-129,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目资助(973项目)(2007CB108903);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD80B05);国家自然科学基金项目(30800801)资助

摘　　要：对日喀则和山南地区家畜主要粗饲料作物秸秆(青稞、油菜、土豆、小麦、玉米和燕麦)、精饲料作物籽粒,以及57种天然草地、栽培牧草的营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,作物秸秆营养类型均为粗蛋白、灰分含量低,而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量较高的碳型和碳氮型,营养价值较低。精饲料中,油菜饼和豌豆营养价值高于青稞。禾本科和豆科牧草营养类型以粗蛋白含量高、粗纤维含量低的氮型和氮碳型为主。禾本科牧草粗蛋白质含量在20%以上有13个品种,耐酸草粗蛋白含量高达30.72%;豆科牧草9种,其中鹰嘴豆粗蛋白含量高达27.46%,粗纤维只有18.91%,灰分含量为9.30%;藜科1种,法国菠菜营养类型属于较少见的灰分氮型,粗蛋白含量为20.17%,灰分20.15%,而纤维只有12.67%。同时这22个牧草粗纤维含量低于30%,灰分含量在6.24%～10.43%。The nutrition contents of crop straws and seeds（the main source of roughage and concentrate respectively）for livestock as well as 57kinds of natural grassland and cultivated herbage from Xigaze and Shannan region were analyzed.The nutritive types of crop straw were carbon and carbon-nitrogen types with low crude protein（CP）and Ash（ASH）content,but high crude fiber（CF）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）and acid detergent fiber（ADF）.For crop seeds,the nutrition value of rapeseed meal and peas were both higher than hull-less barley.However,the nutritive types of Gramineae and Leguminosae were nitrogen and nitrogen-carbon types with high CP content and low CF.There were 13kinds of Graminaceous forage species with a CP content more than 20%,and in one acid-resistant grass（Bromus pumpellianus）it was up to 30.72%.Nine kinds of legume were studied.The CP content of chickpea（Cicer arietinum）was up to 27.46%,but CF was only 18.91%,and ASH was 9.30%.French spinach（Spinacia oleracea）,one of the Chenopodiaceae,was an Ash-nitrogen nutritive type with a crude protein content of 20.17%,ASH of 20.15%,and CF of only 12.67%.The CF contents of these 22pastures were less than 30%,nevertheless the ASH content ranged from 6.24%to 10.43%.

关 键 词：西藏 作物秸秆 牧草 营养成分 营养类型 

分 类 号：S816.11[农业科学—饲料科学]