基于GIS的火灾安全疏散模拟  

GIS-based evacuation simulation for fire safety

作　　者：唐方勤[1] 任爱珠[1] 许镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学土木工程系防灾减灾所,北京100084

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2010年第5期49-55,共7页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(课题编号:2006BAJ06B06)

摘　　要：为综合描述场景的关键要素,加强模拟的真实性,基于GIS技术,针对火灾场景下的人员疏散提出了模拟模型。借助GIS缓冲区分析与拓扑分析等功能,实现了初始化场景解析、实时空间分析等流程,可以对任意模拟时间步火灾、人员、建筑环境等要素的分布特征信息进行提取。为人员模型制定了基于空间信息的疏散策略,模拟人员的环境感知能力与分析判断能力。设计并实现了GIS模型至FDS模型的转换接口,维护了GIS模型与FDS模型的一致性,提高了建模效率。在模型基础上,研制了人员疏散模拟系统。应用实例说明了模型对环境各要素的描述能力及对疏散场景的模拟能力。To comprehensively represent the key variables at scenes and improve the authenticity of the simulation,this paper proposes a GIS-based simulation model for the occupant evacuation in fire.Utilizing the function of GIS,such as buffer analysis and topological analysis,the processes of scene analysis for initialization and real-time spatial analysis were realized to capture the information of the features including fire,occupant and geometry at any time step.The evacuation strategy based on spatial information was specified for the occupant model to simulate the environmental perception and analysis.The conversion interface from GIS model to FDS model was designed and implemented to maintain the consistency between GIS model and FDS model and improve the efficiency of modeling.Based on these models,an evacuation simulation system was developed.The case study demonstrates the model capability to represent the key variables and simulate the evacuation scenarios.

关 键 词：火灾 疏散模拟 GIS FDS 人员建模 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]