不同栽培种梨果实中可溶性糖组分及含量特征  

Characteristics of Components and Contents of Soluble Sugars in Pear Fruits from Different Species

作　　者：姚改芳[1] 张绍铃[1] 曹玉芬[2] 刘军[3] 吴俊[1] 袁江[1] 张虎平[1] 肖长城[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学梨工程技术研究中心,南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部果树种质资源利用重点开放实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第20期4229-4237,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903044);国家梨产业技术体系项目-29;江苏省科技支撑计划(BE200324)

摘　　要：【目的】对分属不同栽培种的98个梨品种果实中可溶性糖组分及含量进行分析,以比较不同种及品种间糖含量和组成的特点与差异。【方法】用高效液相色谱法对成熟期梨果实中糖组分及含量进行测定,对数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】(1)成熟期梨果实的可溶性糖主要由果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨醇组成,其中果糖含量最高,均值为51.17mg·g-1FW。不同品种之间,果糖和葡萄糖的含量相对稳定;蔗糖和山梨醇含量变化幅度较大,变化范围分别为1.14—47.75mg·g-1FW和4.46—47.29mg·g-1FW。(2)不同栽培种梨果实的糖分组成中,果糖的含量均为最高,占总糖比例的42.22%—57.02%,而其它3种可溶性糖含量在不同系统中存在较大差异。白梨和新疆梨中葡萄糖、山梨醇含量接近,蔗糖含量最低;西洋梨和秋子梨中葡萄糖、蔗糖含量接近,但西洋梨中山梨醇含量较高,而秋子梨的山梨醇含量较低;砂梨中蔗糖、山梨醇含量接近,葡萄糖含量最低。(3)不同种之间糖分的分布特点是:白梨分布在高葡萄糖和高山梨醇区域,砂梨分布在高蔗糖和高山梨醇区域;西洋梨分布在高果糖和高山梨醇区域,秋子梨分布在高葡萄糖和高蔗糖区域,新疆梨分布在高果糖和高葡萄糖区域。【结论】梨果的糖分主要由果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨醇组成,其中果糖含量最高;不同品种之间果糖和葡萄糖含量相对稳定,蔗糖和山梨醇含量变化幅度较大。不同栽培种中,果糖含量稳定,其余糖分含量存在较大差异。根据糖组分的分布划分,白梨为高葡萄糖和高山梨醇型,砂梨为高蔗糖和高山梨醇型;西洋梨为高果糖和高山梨醇型,秋子梨为高葡萄糖和高蔗糖型,新疆梨为高果糖和高葡萄糖型。【Objective】The characteristics of components and contents of soluble sugars in 98 cultivars of pear fruit were determined to reveal the differences and characteristics among different cultivars and species.【Method】The high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to detect the components and content of soluble sugar in mature pear fruits,and the data were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCs） and cluster analysis.【Result】（1） The major components of soluble sugars in mature pear fruits were fructose,glucose,sucrose and sorbitol,and the fructose content was the highest value,with a mean of 51.17 mg·g -1 FW.The contents of fructose and glucose were relatively stable among different cultivars,while the contents of sucrose and sorbitol varied greatly,the value ranged from 1.14-47.75 mg·g -1 FW and 4.46-47.29 mg·g -1 FW,respectively.（2） Among different species,the content of fructose was also the highest one,which accounted for 42.22%-57.02%of the value of total sugars,while the other three compoents of soluble sugars were highly different.The content of glucose was close to sorbitol in both P.bretschnrideriRehd.and P.sinkiangensis Yü.,and sucrose content was the lowest;the contents of fructose and sucrose were equal in both P. communis Linn.and P.ussuriensis Msxim.,however,the sorbitol content was high in P.communis Linn.,and P.ussuriensis Msxim. in reverse;the content of sucrose was equal to sorbitol in P.pyrifolia Burm Nakai.,and the glucose content was the lowest.（3） The distributive characteristics of soluble sugars in different species：P.bretschnrideri Rehd.mainly distributed in the high glucose and sorbitol area;P.pyrifolia Burm Nakai.mainly distributed in the high sucrose and sorbitol area;P.communis Linn.mainly distributed in high fructose and sorbitol area;P.ussuriensis Msxim.were mainly distributed in the high glucose and sucrose area;P. sinkiangensis Yü.mainly distributed in the high fructose and glucose area.【Conclusion】The major components of solu

关 键 词：梨 果实 可溶性糖 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]