四川盆地紫色丘陵区不同种植模式下氮流失特征  

N losses from different cropping modes in the purple hilly region of the Sichuan Basin

作　　者：罗艺[1] 吴福忠[1] 杨万勤[1] 王旭熙[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林业生态工程重点实验室,雅安625014

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2010年第11期2221-2228,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：四川省重点公益性项目(No2007NGY006);国家"十一五"重大科技支撑计划课题(No2008BADC2B01;2006BAC01A11);四川省杰出青年学科带头人培养基金(No07ZQ026-022);四川高等学校科技创新重大培育计划(No2007ZZ024;09ZZ023)~~

摘　　要：氮素流失是农业面源污染的重要来源.为了解四川盆地紫色丘陵区不同种植模式下氮的流失特征,以四川盆地紫色丘陵区4种典型耕作模式紫云英-水稻(M1)、空地-大豆-空地(M2)、空地-生姜(M3)、空地-玉米+红薯(M4)等为研究对象,研究了4种模式从2008年12月到2009年8月共8次有效降雨中氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失特征.研究期间,4种模式下氮流失量随着降雨量的增加而增加,总氮流失量表现为:M3((30.388±2.86)kg·hm-2)>M4((17.118±1.677)kg·hm-2)>M2((10.987±1.108)kg·hm-2)>M1((6.090±1.051)kg·hm-2).相对于其它模式,M4模式下地表径流量和渗透水量在研究期间均最大,但M3模式下氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失量最大.另外,非生长季节4个模式下氮流失量相对较低且各模式间差别较小,生长季节4个模式间可溶性氮和总氮通过地表径流和渗透水流失量均表现为M3>M4>M2>M1.4种种植模式下氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失形态均以硝态氮为主.渗透水中铵态氮和可溶性总氮占总氮的比例高于地表径流.这些结果为该区区域合理选择耕作模式、优化耕作方式、加强管理以控制区域农业面源污染提供了一定的基础数据.N loss in agriculture is an important source of non-point pollution. To characterize N losses from different cropping modes in the purple hilly region of the Sichuan Basin,N loss in runoff and infiltration of 8 available rainfall events from December 2008 to August 2009 were studied in 4 representative cropping modes： M1 （Chinese milk vetch-rice） ,M2 （fallow land-Soybean-fallow land） ,M3 （fallow land-Ginger） and M4 （Corn-Sweet potato） . N losses increased with the increase of rainfall events. The ranked order of N loss was： M3 （（30. 388 ± 2. 86） kg·hm^-2） M4 （（17. 118 ± 1. 677） kg·hm^-2） M2 （（10. 987 ± 1. 108） kg·hm^-2） M1 （（6. 090 ± 1. 051） kg·hm^-2） during the studied period. M4 had the highest amount of runoff and infiltration,while M3 showed the highest N losses from both runoff and infiltration. In addition,N losses were relatively lower in the non- cropping period,and only a few variations were observed among cropping modes. However,the losses of dissolved N and total N from both runoff and infiltration showed the same order as： M3 M4 M2 M1. Nitrate N was the main N form in N losses from both runoff and infiltration regardless of the cropping modes. The proportion of ammonium N and dissolved N to total N loss from infiltration was higher than that in runoff. The results provide data for selection of cropping mode,optimization of cropping habitat,and regional control of non-point pollution from agriculture.

关 键 词：种植模式 紫色土 氮素流失 面源污染 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]