糯性和非糯性小麦灌浆期胚乳直/支链淀粉积累及其相关酶活性研究  

Dynamic Changes of Starch Accumulation and Enzymes Relating to Starch Biosynthesis of Kernel during Grain Filling in Waxy and Non-waxy Winter Wheat

作　　者：曹颖妮[1] 胡卫国[2] 王根平[1] 刘录祥[3] 王成社[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心,河南郑州450002 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第10期1995-2001,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2009CB118301);国家支撑计划项目(2008BAD97B01);陕西省13115重大科技专项(2014ZDKG-08)

摘　　要：选用3份糯性和2份非糯性小麦材料,通过田间试验在灌浆过程中分别检测了各材料的籽粒直链和支链淀粉积累量、淀粉积累速率及淀粉合成关键酶活性的动态变化过程,探讨籽粒淀粉累积与相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:(1)非糯小麦在花后7 d前均未检测到直链淀粉存在,而此时已经检测到支链淀粉含量,并且糯小麦仅含有支链淀粉,支链淀粉早于直链淀粉合成。(2)糯性和非糯性小麦灌浆期籽粒的直、支链淀粉积累速率均呈先增加后降低的趋势,且直、支链淀粉最终积累量取决于最大积累速率和平均积累速率的大小,而积累活跃期的调节作用较小;糯性和非糯性小麦在淀粉合成过程中的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPP)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SEB)活性均呈单峰曲线变化,活性峰值基本上都出现在花后20～25 d左右。(3)直链淀粉积累速率与AGPP、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性变化显著或极显著正相关,而支链淀粉积累速率仅与SSS活性变化极显著正相关,总淀粉积累速率与AGPP和SSS活性变化显著或极显著正相关。Two different wheat varieties were used to study the dynamic changes of the accumulations of amylose and amylopectin,starch accumulation rate and the activity changes of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in the kernel during grain filling.The results showed that the beginning biosynthesis of amylopectin was earlier than that of amylose,based on the result of amylose appeared at 7 days after anthesis in non-waxy wheat,meanwhile,amylopectin appeared before 7 days after anthesis and the waxy wheat varieties only had amylopectin.The changes of amylose and amylopectin accumulating rates of both waxy and non-waxy wheat varieties showed a single peak curve.The accumulation courses of both amylopectin and amylose were well fitted to the logistic equation by relating amylopectin and amylose contents against days post anthesis.The simulation parameters revealed that the higher contents of amylopectin and amylose resulted from greater accumulation rate and mean accumulation rate,but accumulation duration probably played a less important role for them.The results indicated that the activity changes of the adenosine diphosphorate glucose pyrophrylase（AGPP）,soluble starch synthase（SSS）,granule-bound starch synthase（GBSS） and starch branching enzyme（SBE） were all in the pattern of a single-peak curve,and peaked at 20～25 days after anthesis.The accumulation rate of amylose was significantly or highly significantly correlated with the activities of AGPP,SSS,GBSS and SBE,the accumulation rate of amylopectin was significantly correlated with the activity of SSS,and the accumulation rate of starch was significantly or highly significantly correlated with the activities of AGPP and SSS.

关 键 词：冬小麦 直链淀粉 支链淀粉 积累动态 酶活性 

分 类 号：Q945.65[生物学—植物学]