生物燃料乙醇和生物柴油全生命周期分析  

LCA OF BIO-ETHANOL AND BIO-DIESEL PATHWAYS IN CHINA

作　　者：欧训民[1,2] 张希良[1,2] 常世彦[2] 郭庆方[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学中国车用能源研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2010年第10期1246-1250,共5页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委重点基金(90410016);国家能源局资助项目(CAERC);北京市科委软科学博士论文资助基金项目(zz200923)

摘　　要：使用清华大学Tsinghua-CA3EM模型中的Well-to-Wheels模块,对玉米、木薯、甜高粱制取燃料乙醇和大豆、麻风果、地沟油制取生物柴油共6条技术路线,进行了基于案例的全生命周期计算。结果表明:除木薯制乙醇路线外,其它各路线的化石能源投入都大于所产燃料所含的能量;与汽油、柴油路线相比,各生物燃料路线所需的化石能源减少、温室气体排放增加;导致此状况的原因主要为燃料生产能耗高、原料种植过程中肥料消耗多等。综合考虑,对于富煤贫油国情而言,现有生物燃料路线具有可行性。For the comprehensive analysis of energy consumption（EC） and greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions of China＇ s bio-liquid fuel pathways, the life-cycle-analysis（LCA） of 6 pathways, which are corn-, cassava-, and sweet sorghum-de- rived ethanol （EtOH） and soybean-, j atropha fruit-, and waste cooking oil（WCO）- derived bio-diesel（BD） is analyzed. The tool utilized is the WTW（Well-to-Wheels） module of Tsinghua-CA3EM model covering all stages including raw mate- rials cultivation （or feedstock collection）, fuel production, transportation and distribution, and application in automotive engines, accompanied with comparison with Conventional Petroleum-based gasoline and diesel Pathways（CPP）. The re- suits based on ease-study show： 1） the fossil energy inputs are larger than the energy contained in the fuel obtained in these pathways except making ethanol from cassava pathway; 2） compared with CPP, the fossil energy consumption be reduced, but the GHC emissions can be increased to some extent; 3） the main factors induced high EC and GHG emis- sion include high EC level during the fuel production stage and high fertilizer application rate during the raw feedstock plantation. The results show that these bio-fuel path ways is fuitable to the country with rich coal and poor oil.

关 键 词：中国 全生命周期分析 能耗 温室气体 生物燃料 

分 类 号：X382.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]