中国工业行业的生态效率  

Eco-efficiency of Industry Sectors for China

作　　者：毛建素[1] 曾润[1] 杜艳春[1] 姜畔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2010年第11期2788-2794,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC28B03);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-009)

摘　　要：中国工业是资源消费和污染物排放的主要源头,解析工业各行业的生态效率可为中国产业结构调整和整体环境质量改善提供必要信息.在分析工业构成并构建工业系统与外部环境之间关系的基础上,选择能源消费和废水、固体废物、SO2、工业烟尘、粉尘等污染物的排放量作为研究的环境影响类别,界定了与这些环境影响相关的生态效率,估算了中国2007年的工业生态效率现状,结果为:能源效率615.5万元·ktce-1;废水和固废方面的生态效率分别为54.3万元·kt-1和1.9万元·t-1;工业SO2、烟尘和粉尘方面的生态效率分别为59.6、169.2和184.6万元·t-1.深入分析了39个工业部门的生态效率,结果表明,以上几种生态效率具有明显的行业不均衡性,表现为不同行业在不同类型生态效率中的工业排序明显不同;与此同时,对于同一种生态效率,不同工业行业的数值可相差几百倍到几万倍,表明通过优化工业结构将具有较大的提高工业生态效率的可能性.Industry is the main source of resource consumption and environmental emissions of China,and the analyzing of ecoefficiencies for industrial sectors may provide essential information for the restructure of industrial system and the improvement of environmental quality of China.The industry composition was analyzed and the relationship between the industry and its environment was established.The energy consumption and the main environmental emissions such as wastewater,solid waste,industry SO2,smog,dust were chosen as the environmental impact categories,the corresponding eco-efficiencies of industry were defined and estimated for China in 2007.The results are as follows：the energy efficiency is 615.5 × 104 yuan·ktce-1,the wastewater and solid waste related ecoefficiencies are 54.3 × 104 yuan·kt-1 and 1.9 × 104 yuan·t-1,respectively;industry SO2,smog,dust related eco-efficiencies are 59.6 × 104,169.2 × 104 and 184.6 × 104 yuan·t-1,respectively.The eco-efficiencies of 39 industry sectors were analyzed extensively and the results showed that,the distribution of industrial sectors in above eco-efficiencies is uneven,and the order of industrial sector in industry will vary with industry sector and eco-efficiency category.Meanwhile,for the same category of eco-efficiency,the values for different industry sectors may change from centuplicate to several thousand folds,therefore a great possibility for the improvement of industry eco-efficiency is exist in the restructure of industry system.

关 键 词：结构调整 环境影响 节能 环境排放物 工业行业 生态效率 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]