南水北调西线工程对长江上游径流的影响  

The Influence of the West Route South-North Water Transfer Project for Runoff of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：金勇[1,2] 唐新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]中国水电建设集团四川电力开发有限公司,四川成都610017

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2010年第5期759-772,共14页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室"基本科研业务费"

摘　　要：根据流域河道汇流和水库调度模型,对调整后的南水北调西线工程和水库群影响下的长江上游径流变化作了分析,全面考虑了长江上游流域内80座主要水库.结果表明调水使受影响水系径流明显减少,雅砻江受影响最大;受水库调节影响,不调水的月份径流也明显减少,且距引水点越远径流受影响越小;龙头水库的运行状况对其水系径流的影响显著,调水后汛末不能蓄满时其径流调节能力大减,导致水系非汛期径流减幅大于汛期;调水使水库入流减少,调节幅度加大,延长了水库汛期向汛限水位运行的过程,使汛期径流减少;所有规划水库建设后,长江上游调水170×108m3,对三峡枢纽运行影响不大,宜昌站4月份径流减少最多,约10%,汛期径流有所减少,一般在6%以下.The watershed river channels flow concentration model and the reservoir operating model are built to simulate and analyze the runoff processes in upper reaches of the Yangtze River,considering 80 reservoirs which play major roles in upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The results showed that（1）The water transfer project reduced the runoff volume of the affected river systems significantly,among which the Yalong river was reduced most;（2）The runoff in non-flooding months decreases significantly also because of the reservoir regulation,and the discharge change amplitude decreased as the distance from the diversion point extends;（3）After the water transfer,the operation conditions of the principal reservoirs in the watershed could affect the watershed runoff evidently,and its ability of adjusting watershed runoff would be impaired in large amount once it could not be fully stored at the end of flood season,leading that the discharge decrease during non-flood season was larger than during flood season;（4）The water transfer reduced the inflow of reservoirs and increased the reservoirs operation extent,which would delay the process that water table rose to the flood control level during flood season,made the flood season runoff decrease;（5）Altogether,17 billion cubic meters of water transfer in upper reaches of the Yangtze River will have slight influence on the Three Georges Project（TGP）operating after all planning reservoirs are built up;the runoff at Yichang station reduced about 10% to its limit in April and reduced less only below 6% during flood season.

关 键 词：南水北调西线工程 长江上游 三峡枢纽 径流分析 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]