秦岭川金丝猴个体间团抱模式及其影响因素  

Pattern and influencing factors of huddling behavior in golden snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana)

作　　者：齐晓光[1,4] 王铭[1] 张鹏[2,4] 王晓卫[3] 渡边邦夫[4] 李保国[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,教育部西部资源生物与现代生物技术重点实验室,西安710069 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广州510275 [3]陕西省科学院动物研究所,西安710032 [4]京都大学灵长类研究所,日本爱知484-8506

出　　处：《兽类学报》2010年第4期365-376,共12页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30900168,30970444,30970379,30770375,30630016);日本学术振兴会(JSPS)Kahenhi项目(19405014);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2009JM3002);陕西省教育厅专项基金(09JK766);西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学)开放基金(KH09016);日本COSMO石油环境卡基金

摘　　要：团抱行为作为保持体温与增进社会关系的一种有效途经在非人灵长类中广泛存在,受环境和社会因素影响在各物种间呈现出多样的模式。本研究自2007年9月至2008年4月间,运用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对秦岭北坡周至国家级自然保护区内的一群秦岭川金丝猴的团抱模式进行了1637回次的扫描,结果表明研究群内的个体回避单独休息,倾向于形成团抱,团抱主要发生在2个或3个个体之间,较少形成4个或4个以上个体的团抱;团抱主要由青少年个体和成年雌性组成,成年雄性和携婴雌性多参与小的团抱,青少年猴更频繁地出现在3个个体的团抱中,未携婴雌性在4个和4个以上个体团抱中比例明显增加;秦岭川金丝猴各年龄性别组的个体对团抱伙伴的选择有各自的偏好,大多数团抱由成年雄性和未成年个体发起,但获得较少的团抱;雌性和携婴雌性较少主动发出但获得较多的团抱,这显示出雌性作为团抱的主体具有很高的社会亲和力;此外团抱模式还存在季节性的变化,冬季寒冷期团抱的频率和大小都会增加,并且个体选择在距离地面较近的区域团抱以保持体温,春季生育期个体倾向于在树冠层团抱以获得新鲜的食物并且避免婴猴被捕食。秦岭川金丝猴的团抱行为是物种在其独特的社会组织形式下对山地极端环境的一种适应,在进化中以行为模式获得更高适合度的具体策略。Huddling behavior could be widely found in non-human primates as the function that keep the body and improve the social affinity. Influenced by the social and environmental factors,it shown flexible patterns among species. By using the methods of focal sampling scan sampling from September 2007 to April 2008,the research observed 1 637 cases of huddling behavior in a free-ranging troop of the Golden snub-nosed monkeys （ Rhinopithecus roxellana） at Mt. Qinling,China. The results shown that individuals avoid to rest solitarily and tended to huddling together. Huddling mainly occurred between 2 or 3 individuals,and less for 4 or more individuals hold. Most of the huddles were formatted by adult females and juveniles. Adult males and females with infant mostly appeared in small size huddling. Juveniles joined huddling with 3 individuals more frequently,and females without infants mostly found in 4 or more individuals huddling. There were biased preferences for huddling partner selection in different sex-age classes. Most of the huddling were initiated by adult males and juveniles,however these sex-age classed got less from other. Female initiated less but got more huddling from other individuals. The results show that females were more attractive and affinitive in social interaction of golden snub-nosed monkey. Furthermore,the huddling pattern were flexible depend on the seasonality. Both the frequency and individual size had been found increased in the cold winter. Individuals prefer to huddle on the ground or near the ground during October to November to keep the heats. In spring,individuals tended to huddling in the high layers of trees to avoid infant predator and to forage new buds. This huddling pattern of golden snub-nosed monkey is one of the strategy to adapt extremely mountainous climate and enhance their fitness under polygynous social structures.

关 键 词：秦岭川金丝猴 团抱模式 行为策略 季节性变化 一雄多雌社会 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]