我国优秀男子登山运动员体能特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Physical Fitness of Elite Male Climber of China

作　　者：林劲杨[1] 张建民[1] 张卓瑛[2] 李卫华[1] 鲁智勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学体育教研部,湖南长沙410083 [2]湖南师范大学公体部,湖南长沙410081 [3]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2010年第6期86-89,102,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:探讨我国男子登山运动员的体能特征。方法:运用形态机能测试和数理统计等研究方法,以2008北京奥运珠峰火炬传递队21名男运动员和15名男性登山爱好者为研究对象。结果:1)优秀男子登山运动员的大腿围、小腿围、腰围、臀围、克托莱指数与登山爱好者存在显著差异(P<0.05);2)优秀男子登山运动员的体脂率、瘦体重率、BMI指数、基础代谢率与登山爱好者间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);3)优秀登山运动员的心功指数、心率、肺活量/体重、血红蛋白含量明显优于登山爱好者(P<0.05);4)优秀登山运动员的最大耗氧量为4.78±0.57 l/min、通气无氧阈为3.83±0.35 l/min、无氧功率为847.02±109.25W,无氧功峰值功率为1197.64±245.1 W,氧功率递减率28.21±14.2 W/s。结论:优秀登山运动员具有身材中等、四肢发达,下肢尤为粗壮,身体强壮的形态特征;具备基础代谢率低、体形偏胖,体脂含量高的身体成分特征;具有良好的有氧、无氧代谢能力以及对高原缺氧低压环境的良好适应性的机能特点。Objective：The aim of this study was to discuss the physical fitness of climbers.Methods：Twenty one elite male climbers from national team who participating in the Olympic torch relay in climbing Mount Qomolangma and fifteen climbing hobbyists were recruited for the study.The study is conducted through statistical analysis and shape test.Results：1） Elite male climber has significant difference in thigh circumference,shank circumference,upper arm circumference,waist circumference and hip circumference comparing with climbing hobbyists（P0.05）.2） Elite male climber has significant difference in body fat percentage,fat-free body,BMI index,BMR comparing with climbing hobbyists（P0.05）.3） Elite male climber has significant difference in heart rate,heart function index,Hb,RVC comparing with climbing hobbyists（P0.05）.4） Elite male climbers＇ O2max was 4.78±0.57 l/min,VT was 3.83±0.35 l/min,mean power of WANT was 847.02±109.25,peak power was 1197.64±245.1 W.Conclusion：Elite male climber has medium height,brawny lower limbs,strong morphological characteristics,low basic metabolic rate,high fat content,good aerobic and anaerobic metabolism capacity and good adaptability to low oxygen environment.

关 键 词：男子 登山运动员 体能特征 无氧能力 有氧能力 中国 

分 类 号：G881[文化科学—体育训练]