氮磷钾配合施用对水稻养分吸收、积累与分配的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of N,P,K on Nutrient Uptake and Distribution of Rice

作　　者：王伟妮[1] 李小坤[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 李慧[1] 鲁明星 戴志刚 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2010年第6期710-714,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BADA4B08;2006BAD25B01);国家测土配方施肥项目;作物遗传改良国家重点实验室开放课题资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验,研究了氮磷钾配合施用对水稻不同器官干物质量以及养分吸收、积累与分配的影响。结果表明,施肥特别是氮磷钾肥配施可以显著提高糙米、谷壳和稻草的干物质量以及各器官对N、P、K的吸收累积量,与不施肥(CK)相比,氮磷钾配施处理(NPK)糙米、谷壳和稻草干物质量分别增加1 343、302和2 152kg/hm2,N、P、K总吸收量分别增加51.30、11.59和76.45 kg/hm2。N、P、K含量在水稻不同器官的分布也存在差异,N和P含量表现为糙米>稻草>谷壳,K含量则表现为稻草>谷壳>糙米。施肥降低了糙米中N、P、K的分配率,而相应提高了稻草中的分配率。除了磷钾配施处理(PK)谷壳中N和P的分配率高于CK处理,其余施肥处理谷壳中N、P、K的分配率均低于CK处理。总体来说,不同肥料配施对水稻不同器官N、P、K吸收分配影响的趋势既存在共性也存在差异性,通过调整施肥可以改善养分在不同器官的分配,促进养分的吸收和良性循环,从而达到水稻优质高效生产的目的。Field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different fertilizer application treatments on the response of biomass dry matter mass and N,P,K uptake and distribution of rice.The results showed that fertilizer increased dry matter mass of brown rice,hull and straw,and N,P,K uptake amount of rice.Compared with CK（without fertilizer）,dry matter mass of brown rice,hull and straw of NPK（combined application of N,P and K） treatment increased 1 343,302 and 2 152 kg/hm2,N,P and K uptake amount increased 51.30,11.59 and 76.45 kg/hm2,respectively.N,P,K content of various organs of rice was different.Both N and P content in various organs was in the order of brown ricestrawhull;K content was in the order of strawhullbrown rice.N,P,K distribution in straw increased with fertilizer application,but there was a reverse trend in brown rice.There were similarities and differences of response trend and extent of N,P,K uptake and distribution of different fertilizer treatments.Adjusting fertilizer application can change element distribution in various organs of rice,thus promoting the uptake and circulation of nutrients.This investigation can provide a useful information for high yield production of rice.

关 键 词：氮磷钾 养分吸收与分配 糙米 谷壳 稻草 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S147.2