位置特异性和项目呈现方式对即时情景记忆顺序重构的影响  

Position Distinctiveness and Way of Presentation Affect Reconstruction Of Order in Immediate Episodic Memory

作　　者：钟毅平[1] 陈智勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理学探新》2010年第5期34-39,共6页Psychological Exploration

摘　　要：在Healy等人(2008)的实验范式基础上,以中文姓名作为实验材料,探究位置特异性和项目呈现方式对即时情景记忆的影响。两个实验都要求被试对所呈现的20个姓名中的12个进行顺序重构。重构的12个位置分别为1-12、5-16、9-20三个水平,这三组位置同时包括绝对位置9-12。实验1采取视觉呈现,比较三个任务类型上重构正确率的差异。实验1的结果支持Healy的编码特异性理论,但是末尾呈现的项目仅有较小的重构优势。实验2采取听觉呈现,结果发现,在系列位置5-16上出现了较明显的近因效应,而在位置9-20上并无明显的近因效应。这表明位置特异性理论对顺序重构的影响主要表现为绝对位置的特异性而并非相对位置的特异性,系列位置效应出现在记忆的编码过程而不是提取过程。Based on Healy＇s（2008） paradigm,two experiments using Chinese names as materials aimed to examine the effects of position distinctiveness,and way of presentation on serial position functions in a task involving reconstructing the order of a subset of 12 names in a list of 20 names.Three different serial position conditions were compared in which the subset of names occurred in Positions 1-12,5-16,or 9-20,with all subsets including Positions 9-12.The serial positions were defined temporally in both Experiments.Totally 120 college students participated in the tow experiments.The first experiment was well predicted,result was similar to Healy＇s experiment,which provided strong evidence for coding distinctiveness theory.However,with different materials in experiment 1 there was much smaller recency effect,and recency effect was found at serial position 5-16 rather than 9-20 in experiment 2 with audio presentation.There was evidence for effects of the distinctiveness of the absolute serial positions,not the distinctiveness of the relative serial positions.

关 键 词：位置特异性 即时情景记忆 系列位置效应 绝对位置 相对位置 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]