黄土高原苹果园土壤N_2O排放研究  

Nitrous oxide emissions from apple orchard soil in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：庞军柱[1] 王效科[1] 牟玉静 欧阳志云[1] 张红星[1] 逯非[1] 刘文兆[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心大气化学与大气污染控制技术研究室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院水土保持研究所长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,长武722400

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2010年第12期2518-2525,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40321101);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)资助项目(No.2006CB403400)~~

摘　　要：从2007年5月1日到2009年4月30日对黄土高原苹果园氧化亚氮(N2O)排放采用静态箱气相色谱法进行了为期两年的监测.分别在距果树2.5m(D2.5)、1.5m(D1.5)、0.5m(D0.5)的位置采样.研究结果表明,苹果园N2O排放量年际变化较大,2008年5月到2009年4月的N2O排放量(2.74kg·hm-·2a-1)比2007年5月到2008年4月(2.27kg·hm-·2a-1)高20.7%,主要原因是2008年夏季降雨量是2007年夏季降雨量的1.92倍,使得2008年夏季N2O排放量是2007年夏季的2.81倍.2008年5月到2009年4月的排放系数(0.082%)是2007年5月到2008年4月排放系数(0.035%)的2.34倍.施肥后、冻融交替期、苹果树落叶的前期、降雨后苹果园都有高的N2O排放峰,N2O的季节变化受到这些短期事件的显著影响.而这些短期事件对N2O排放的激发效应又受到降雨量、土壤孔隙充水率(WFPS)和地温的调控.D2.5和D0.5两个处理的N2O排放与气温(p≤0.01)和地温(p≤0.01或p≤0.05)显著相关.D1.5处理N2O排放与气温(p≤0.05)显著相关.Nitrous oxide（N2O） fluxes from apple orchard soil in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China were monitored using static chambers from 1 May 2007 to 30 April 2009.Three sites were selected at distances of 2.5 m（D 2.5）,1.5 m（D 1.5） and 0.5 m（D 0.5） from the apple tree row.The results showed that there were inter-annual variations in N2O emission from the apple orchard soil.Nitrous oxide emission from May 2008 to April 2009（2.74 kg·hm-·2a-1） was 20.7% higher than that from May 2007 to April 2008（2.27 kg·hm-·2a-1）.The main reason was that rainfall from May 2008 to April 2009 was 1.92 times higher than that from May 2007 to April 2008,and especially that the rainfall in the summer of 2008 was 2.81 times higher than that in the summer of 2007.The emission factor from May 2008 to April 2009（0.082%） was 2.34 times than that from May 2007 to April 2008（0.035%）.Seasonal variations in N2O emissions were mainly affected by short-term events including nitrogen fertilizer application,freeze and thaw cycles,defoliation of the apple trees and summer rainfall.In the meanwhile,the events-stimulated N2O emissions were also influenced by rainfall,soil WFPS（water-filled pore space） and soil temperature.The N2O fluxes of D 2.5 and D 0.5 sites were significantly correlated with air temperature（p≤ 0.01） and soil temperature（p ≤ 0.01 or p ≤ 0.05）,while the N2 O fluxes of D 1.5 site were only significantly correlated with air temperature（p ≤ 0.05）.

关 键 词：黄土高原 苹果园 氧化亚氮 氮肥 排放系数 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]