湖北清江和尚洞滴水微生物群落随空间和季节的变化  

Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Microbial Communities in Dripping Water from the Heshang Cave,Central China

作　　者：赵锐[1] 王红梅[1] 刘倩瑛[1] 曾翠平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2010年第6期899-907,共9页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(No.NCET-08-0831);中央高校基本科研经费项目(Nos.CUG09103;CUGL100502);湖北省杰出青年基金(No.2008CDB373)

摘　　要：为了考察现代微生物群落对环境因子的响应关系及其在古气候重建中的应用潜力,利用微生物学传统的培养计数、荧光染色总菌计数和BIOLOG的ECO微平板等技术对湖北省清江和尚洞内不同地点的滴水由内至外进行了空间和季节性的动态监测,4个滴水点由内向外编号依次为1D、3D、4D和5D.结果证实湖北清江和尚洞洞穴滴水中存在一定数量的微生物.不同样点微生物的代谢活性不同,1D样品中的微生物群落代谢活性最高,3D表现出与1D相似的代谢特征,但平均颜色变化率(AWCD:微生物对碳源的利用程度,颜色变化率越高,表明微生物代谢越旺盛)较1D小,4D和5D样品在接种24h后平均颜色变化率(AWCD)基本保持不变.对微生物代谢较为旺盛的1D、3D两个样品中不同时间内微生物群落的多样性指数进行分析,表明洞穴滴水中微生物多样性相对稳定,随采样季节的变化不大.相对于3D、1D的4个不同季节(采样时间)微生物群落对碳源种类的利用上存在一定差异.1D水样在2006秋季(2006年11月份)、2007春季(2007年5月)和2009年夏季(2009年7月份)微生物群落利用碳源种类上比较接近,而在2008年初秋(2008年9月)碳源利用种类与前三者的差异明显.与1D相比,3D的4个不同采样时间的滴水微生物群落在主成分1和主成分2的得分系数比较接近,群落碳源代谢功能多样性差别不大.这种变化可能反映了不同季节滴水中可溶有机质成分(DOC)的变化及微生物群落成分的变化,暗示了微生物群落结构变化在指示气候变化应用中的巨大潜力.但微生物群落多样性与代谢功能多样性与气候因子之间的关系尚需深入研究.Dripping water was seasonally collected from several sites（denoted as site 1D,3D,4D and 5D toward the cave entrance respectively） inside the oligotrophic Heshang cave,Central China,to detect the metabolic activities of microbial communities in response to rainfall and temperature.Viable counting method,the DAPI staining technique as well as Biolog Eco microplates were exploited for microbial counting and metabolic changes of microbial communities.Results confirm the existence of microbes in the dripping water though the microbial biomass is as low as that in the deep sea water column.The metabolic activities of microbial communities varied with sites as indicated by the average well color development（AWCD） values in Biolog ECO microplates.Microbes in site 1D showed the strongest metabolic activities followed by those in site 3D.Microbial communities in the sites near the cave entrance,such as site 4D and site 5D,however,displayed the weakest metabolic activities as shown by the invariant AWCD values after 24-hour incubation.Similar microbial diversity indices were observed between different sites such as site 1D and site 3D,and even among different seasons.This indicates the presence of a fairly stable microbial diversity in the dripping water,probably due to the oligotrophic condition in the cave.However,the carbon utilization pattern of microbial communities in site 1D differed greatly among seasons;the pattern in Sept.2008 is distinguishable from those in other sampling periods.The seasonal variation in carbon utilization might arises from the seasonal changes of dissolved organic matter or the changes in the flow rate of dripping water.Noticeably,such kind of seasonal variation in the carbon utilization was not reproduced in site 3D.Yet we need further investigations to determine the relationship between the changes in microbial community and the climate factors such as temperature and rainfall.

关 键 词：喀斯特洞穴 气候变化 微生物学 群落多样性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]