汉字识别的眼动特性-字频效应及信道容量  

EYE MOVEMENTS IN RECOGNITION OF CHINESE CHARACTER-THE CHARACTER-FREQUENCY EFFECT AND THE CHANNEL CAPACITY

作　　者：陈凌育[1,2] 赵信珍[1,2] 孙复川[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生理研究所神经生物学开放实验室 [2]中国科学院生物物理所视觉信息加工开放研究实验室

出　　处：《生物物理学报》1999年第1期91-97,共7页Acta Biophysica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：用眼动测量方法，对字频为４×１０－３至１．６×１０－５范围内笔画数为４至１４的常用汉字进行识别实验，结果表明，汉字识别时间与笔画数无关，而是存在识别时间随字频减小而增大的字频效应，即当汉字字频每减小一个对数单位其识别时间增加约０．０７９秒；识别眼动的注视次数（ｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｓ）也随字频减小而增多，注视时程（ｆｉｘａｔｉｏｎｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎ）基本不变；采用＂二决一＂及＂重复显示＂汉字识别实验，证实字频效应反映了识别时间与该字在识别时的先验概率的关系，从而可由实验数据计算出识别的信道容量（ＣｈａｎｎｅｌＣａｐａｃｉｔｙ）约为４２ｂｉｔｓ／ｓ。Eye-movement measurements were emploied to investigate the recognition of the Chinese character. The common Chinese characters with the number of stroke from 4 to 14 and character's frequency range from 4·10-3 to 1.6·10-5 were selected as the test character samples. The experimental data demonstrated that there is an obvious “character-frequency effect' on the recognition time and the number of fixations: (i) the average recognition time increased by 79 ms as the characters frequency was decreased for a logarithmic unit, but there was no significant correlation between recognition time and the number of strokes; (ii) number of eye-movement fixations increased as the characters frequency decreased, while the fixation duration varied little. It was also proved by the recognition eye-movement experiments in the “one out of two character presentation' and “the repeating character presentation' that the character-frequency effect reflects correlation between the recognition time and the subjects prior probability about the character. Hence, the channel capacity for the visual recognition can be calculated to be about 42 bits/sec.

关 键 词：识别 汉字识别 眼动特性 字频效应 

分 类 号：Q436[生物学—生理学]