细菌素Echcin防治作物真菌病害、细菌病害的研究  

EFFECT OF ECHCIN ON CONTROL OF CROP FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES

作　　者：吴健胜[1] 梁晶丹[1] 王金生[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植保系农业部病虫监测与治理重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《植物病理学报》1999年第2期104-109,共6页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金;江苏省九五重点攻关项目

摘　　要：细菌素Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 是本研究室从来自水稻的菊欧氏菌（ Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｃｈｒｙｓａｎｔｈｅｍｉ） 中分离提取的一种抗菌物质。本试验报道了Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 防治作物细菌病害、真菌病害的研究。采用纸碟法测定了Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 对５ 个属植物病原细菌共１４ 个菌株的抑制作用，琼脂稀释法测定了Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 对１２ 种植物病原真菌的抑制作用，在此基础上开展了Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 对番茄早疫病和稻白叶枯病的温室盆栽试验，同时开展了Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 对小麦纹枯病的田间小区试验。研究结果表明：Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 对５ 个属植物病原细菌、辣椒疫霉、苎麻疫霉、番茄早疫等病原真菌具有很强的抑制作用。Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 喷雾２ 次，对番茄早疫病的盆栽防病效果为７５ ．８ ％ 。Ｅｃｈｃｉｎ 拌种或后期喷雾１ 次，对小麦纹枯病的田间防效达６０ ％ 以上。Bacteriocin Echcin is an antagonistic substance with wide spectrum,which is extrac ted from Erwinia chrysanthemi on rice.The effect of Echcin on control of crops fungal and bacterial diseases were studied.The inhibitory activity of Echcin to 14 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria was tested using paper plate method.The sensitivities of 12 species of plant pathogenic fungi to Echcin were examined with agar diluting method.The control effects of Echcin to tomato early blight,to rice bacterial blight in greenhouse,and to wheat sharp eyespot in field were evaluated.Results show that Echcin has strong inhibitory activity to five genera of phytopathogenic bacteria and Phytophthora capsici,Phytophthora boehmeriae and Alternaria solani. Applying Echcin twice led to 75.8% reduction in the tomato early blight.With seed treatment or spraying once,Echcin showed over 60% control effect on the wheat sharp eyespot,which was superior to Jingangmycin.

关 键 词：细菌素 广谱拮抗活性 水稻 真菌 细菌 病害 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]